Computer Programming 1

Computer

A device that can perform computations and make logical decisions billions of times faster than human beings can

Supercomputer

A computer that offers the fastest speed and highest performance for high-speed processing such as science and technology calculations.

General-Purpose Computer

A computer, also known as mainframe, designed to be used for both office processing and science and technology calculations.

Office Computer

A specialized computer, also known as business server, used for office processing incorporations.

Workstation

A high-performance computer used for specialized work, mainly connected to LANs and used as servers.

Input Unit

devices used to assign instructions and data to a personal computer

Keyboard

A standard device for inputting characters, numbers, and symbols, by pressing the keys positioned on the keyboard.

Mouse

A typical pointing device for inputting positional information such as icons, by rotating a mouse ball to move the pointer on the screen.

Trackball

A pointing device for inputting positional information such as icons, by rotating a ball using the fingers.

Trackpad (Touchpad)

A pointing device that moves a mouse pointer by brushing a finger against a flat, plastic surface. It detects changes incapacitance when a fingerbrushes against the trackpad.

Pointing Stick

A pointing devicethat moves a mouse pointer, by using a finger to apply pressure forward/backward/left/right against a stick that protrudes from the middle of a keyboard.

Digitizer/Tablet

A device that uses a coordinate indicator to input a position on a flat surface. It is used to input design plans and drawings.

Touch Panel / Touch Screen

A device that inputs data by touching the fingers against icons or buttons shown on the display.Used for bank ATM and library information displays, etc.

Image Scanner

An image input device that captures photographs, pictures, printed materials, and handwritten characters as digital data. There are "flatbed", "sheetfeeder", and "portable" scanners.

Digital Camera

Similar to a regular camera, it photographs scenery and people, but captures the images as digital data.

Barcode Reader

A device that optically reads barcodes placed on products and other items. Used as aninput device for POS terminals.

Optical Character Reader (OCR)

A device that optically reads handwritten characters and printed characters. OCR for personal computers read images with an image scanner, and use OCR software for character recognition.

Sound Input Device

A device that uses a microphone to input data or operate a personal computer by voice.

Magnetic Card Reader

A device that reads information from magnetic stripes attached on magnetic stripe cards such as credit cards and debit cards.

CRT Display

A display device that uses a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). It comes in a variety of sizes such as15-inch, 17-inch, and 21-inch, and basically uses the same principles as aCRT television.

LCD Display

A display device that uses LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) technology. It ranges in size from 10inches to around 60 inches, and.employs the property of liquid crystals (light transparency changes when voltage is applied) to display images.

Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Display

A low voltage drive and low power consumption display device that emits light when voltage is applied. It gets its name from the useof luminescent organic moleculessuch as diamine and anthracene.

Laser Printer

A page printer device that uses a laser beam and electrostatic technology to deposit toner on paper. Printers primarily usedin offices due to high speed andquality of printing.

Inkjet Printer

A serial printer device that sprays ink droplets from nozzle tips onto paper. Printers primarily suited for consumer use due to low price and high quality of color printing.

Dot Impact Printer

A serial printer device that uses a set of pins that are driven forward to form the shape of a character. An ink ribbon is positioned between the paper and pins, and the pins hit the ribbon to transfer ink. Used for printing on carbon paper.

Thermal Transfer Printer

A printing device that uses thermal heat to transfer the ink from an ink ribbon.Some use thermal paper instead of an ink ribbon.

Output Unit

devices that retrieves information from within a computer in a manner that is easy to understand for humans.

Memory Unit

refers to a device that is used to store programs and data required for processing in the operation of a computer.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

is a volatile type of memory in which stored content is lost when the power is turned off. Data can be read and written, and is used as main memory or cache memory.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

is a non-volatile type of memory that retains stored content after the power is turned off. There are read-only ROMs for data and programs, and rewritable ROMs used as flash memory.

Mask ROM

Data is written at the manufacturing stage and cannot be rewritten afterwards.

Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)

Data can be written afterwards. Data canbe erased using ultraviolet light.

Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM)

EPROM that can erase data electrically. Flash memory is a typical type of EPROM that is used in digital cameras and IC cards.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

performs calculations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It also contains the decision mechanisms that allow the computer, for example, to compare two items from the memory unit to determine whether they're equal.

Control Unit (CU)

circuitry that directs operations within a computer's processor. It lets the computer's logic unit, memory, and both input and output devices know how to respond to instructions received from a program

Number System

refers to the set of symbols used to represent numbers

base - N

If the number system does not have a special name, it is termed as

Binary Number System

0 and 1

Octal Number System

0 to 7

Decimal Number System

0 to 9

Hexadecimal Number System

0 to 9 and A to F

Radix Conversion

deals with the replacement of one number system with another

Complements

used in digital computers to simplify the subtraction operation and for logical manipulation.

Application Software

software that is used for a specific purpose or work.

Word Processing Software

software used to create, edit, and print documents

Spreadsheet Software

software used to perform calculations such as tabulation, and create graphs by entering data and formulas into a worksheet

Database Software

software used to collect, manage, and apply various data

Graphics Software

software used to produce drawings or edit photographic images

Presentation Software

software used for visualization via inserting drawings, graphs, tables, and photographs into presentation documents.

Word Processing Software

software used to create documents that offers extensive functions for printing and enhancing the readability of documents

Spreadsheet Software

is integrated software that offers avariety of functions from spreadsheet and graph creation todata management

World Wide Web

refers to a service that is used to view and search information from "Webpages" on the Internet

Uniform Resource Locators (URL)

a convention for displaying a Web page address.

Scheme

tells web servers which protocol to use when it accesses a page on your website

Subdomain

indicates which particular page of your website the web browser should serve up

Second-Level Domain

indicates the name of the website

TOp-Level Domain

specifies what type of entity your organization registers as on the internet

Subdirectory

helps people as well as web crawlers understand which particular section of a webpage they're on.

Search Engine

utilized when the address of aWeb page a user wishes to view is not known.