Med Term - Ch 3

The Integumentary System

Skin

protection of the body, first line of defense from germs and irritants, first point of contact with its surrounding

Debridement

Removal of forien matter or dead tissue from a wound

Skin word roots

cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o

Suffix for skin

-derma, -dermis

Integumentary system is made up of

skin, hair, glands (sweat and sebaceous), nerves, nails

Epidermis

Outermost layer of skin made of squamous cells

Dermis

Inner layer of skin made up of few cells and many thick fibers; strong and flexible

The dermis contains

Hair follicles, nerves, and glands

Hypodermis

loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis made of connective and fatty (adipose) tissue

Hair follicle function

Hold hair into the dermis and nourishes hair

Nerves function

detect pressure, temperature, and pain

glands function

sweat glands release sweat, sebaceous glands release sebum (oil)

nails

protect the ends of fingers and toes

Lip/o, Adip/o, Steat/o

fat

-ase

Enzyme

Trich/o, Pil/o

hair

trichomycosis

abnormal condition of hair fungus

alopecia

condition of baldness

hirsutism

condition of excessive hair growth particularly in women

Hidr/o, Diaphor/o

sweat glands / sudoriferous

Anhidrosis

condition of no sweating

Diaphoresis

condition of abnormal sweating

Seb/o, Sebace/o

oil

Ichthyo-

scaly skin

Kerato-

hardness or horny tissue

Pachyo-

thick skin

Xero-

dryness

Rhytido-

wrinkly skin

Xanth/o

yellow

Alb/o

white

Cyan/o

blue

Onych/o, Ungu/o

nails

ungual

pertaining to the nail

oncholysis

the loss of a nail

keratoderma

hard skin

onychocryptosis

hidden nail

rhytidoplasty

surgical repair of wrinkles

xeroderma

dry skin

pachyderma

thick skin

albinism

lack of skin pigment

melanoma

black-colored tumor

leukotrichia

white hair

erythroderma

red skin

xanthopsia

unable to see the color yellow

What determines skin color?

the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes

vitiligo

loss of pigment in areas of the skin

abrasion

superficial layer of skin scraped of rubbed away

albino

a person with albinism

comedo

hair follicle that is plugged with sebum (black head, white head)

cyanidrosis

condition of blue sweat

depigmentation

loss of pigmentation

dermatalgia, dermatodynia

skin pain

dermatolysis

loose skin

erythema

redness

hemathidrosis

condition of sweating blood

hidropoiesis

formation of sweat

hyperhidrosis

excessive sweating

hyperkerotosis

excessive growth of horny skin

hypermelanosis

excessive melanin in the skin

hyperpigmentation

excessive pigment in the skin

hypohidrosis

condition of diminished sweating

hypomelanosis

condition of low levels of melanin

hypopigmentation

diminished pigment in the skin

leukoderma

white skin

macerate

to soften the skin

onychophagia

eating or biting the nails

pruritus

an itch

rhytidermia

wrinkled skin

sebopoiesis

formation of oil

seborrhea

discharge of oil (sebum)

trichomegaly

abnormally thick hair

urticaria

swollen raised itchy areas of skin (hives)

xanthoderma

yellow skin

xerosis

condition of dryness

hypertrichosis

excessive growth of hair

macule

small, flat discolored area

freckles

small spots called macules

patch

larger macule, flat discolored area

papule

small solid, raised lesion; < 1cm

plaque

solid raised lesion on the surface of the skin

nodule

solid mass that extends deeper into the skin, larger than a papule

tumor

large solid mass

vesicle

smaller lesion filled with clear fluid

pustula

small lesion filled with pus

bulla

larger blister filled with clear fluid > 1cm

pustule

pus-filled blister

abscess

localized large pustules

lesion

pathologic change of tissue due to disease or injury

What is used to describe a lesion?

described by location, appearance, size, and color

Wheal

dome shaped, red lesions that are lower in the center

cyst

thick walled sac containing fluid

erosion

loss of skin

ulcer

an open sore on skin or mucous membrane

excoriation

a scratch

fissure

groove or crack-like sore

scale

skin flaking off

crust

a dried exudate on the skin

exudate

fluid drainage ofter from a wound

decubitus ulcer

lesion through the skin caused by prolonged pressure (bed sore)

vascular lesion

wounds related to blood vessels