Quantitative Research Comprehensive Review

Flashcards covering the characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, types of research, variables, and applications of quantitative research based on class lecture notes.

Quantitative Approach

Objective, structured, and standardized approach used to measure variables, test hypotheses, and generalize results.

Qualitative Approach

Subjective, flexible, and exploratory approach used to explore meanings, experiences, and gain a deeper understanding.

Objective (Quantitative Characteristic)

Free from personal bias (actual).

Structured (Quantitative)

Uses surveys, tests, and questionnaires.

Statistical (Quantitative)

Analyzes data using statistics, graphs, tables, and percentages.

Generalizable

Findings that may represent a larger population.

Descriptive Research

A non-experimental type of quantitative research focused on the "WHAT" of the subject matter, aiming to describe the status of a variable or phenomenon.

Correlational Research

A type of quantitative research that examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them.

Experimental Research

The most rigorous type of quantitative research because it tests cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables under controlled conditions with random assignment.

Quasi-experimental Research

A type of quantitative research that examines cause-and-effect relationships but works with existing groups or conditions without full random assignment.

Research Variable

Any characteristic, trait, or property that can change or vary in a study and can be measured or counted.

Independent Variable (IV)

The factor manipulated or believed to influence another variable; the cause.

Dependent Variable (DV)

The outcome or result affected by the independent variable; the effect that is measured.

Controlled Variable (CV)

Factors that are kept the same throughout the study so they do not affect the results.

Extraneous Variable (EV)

Unwanted variables that are not the focus of the study but may influence the dependent variable if they are not controlled.

Quantitative Research in Education

Uses numerical data and statistical methods to measure, compare, and evaluate teaching practices, student performance, and school policies.

Quantitative Research in Medicine

The foundation of evidence-based healthcare that uses numbers, measurements, and statistics to evaluate treatments and track diseases.

Quantitative Research in Engineering

The application of numbers, measurements, and statistical analysis to solve problems, design systems, and ensure innovations are safe and reliable.

Quantitative Research in Business

Using numbers, data, and statistics to make smarter decisions, reduce risks, and maximize profits.

Conceptual Framework

The "blueprint" of research that visually and logically shows how variables are connected and guides the study design.