Anat Organelle Roles

What is the Role of the Plasma Membrane?

Protects the cell and controls what enters/leaves.

How does the Plasma Membrane contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Regulates nutrients and waste.

How does the Plasma Membrane handle Repair?

Can reseal itself after minor damage.

How does the Plasma Membrane exercise Control?

Communicates with other cells through receptors.

What is the Role of the Cytoplasm?

Jelly-like fluid holding organelles.

How does the Cytoplasm contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Provides environment for chemical reactions.

How does the Cytoplasm handle Repair?

Helps transport raw materials for rebuilding.

How does the Cytoplasm exercise Control?

Supports organelles’ positioning.

What is the Role of Cilia & Flagella?

Movement of the cell or materials.

How do Cilia & Flagella contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Cilia move nutrients/mucus; flagella move sperm.

How do Cilia & Flagella handle Repair?

Help keep harmful particles away (respiratory tract cilia).

How do Cilia & Flagella exercise Control?

Respond to signals in the environment.

What is the Role of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)?

Makes lipids, detoxifies chemicals, stores calcium.

How does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Builds cell membranes (lipids, steroids).

How does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) handle Repair?

Detoxifies harmful byproducts.

How does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER) exercise Control?

Regulates calcium in muscle contraction.

What is the Role of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)?

Studded with ribosomes; makes proteins for export.

How does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Provides proteins for enzymes, membranes, hormones.

How does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) handle Repair?

Makes proteins to replace damaged ones.

How does the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) exercise Control?

Works with nucleus and ribosomes in protein regulation.

What is the Role of Ribosomes?

Protein factories.

How do Ribosomes contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Build structural proteins and enzymes.

How do Ribosomes handle Repair?

Replace damaged proteins.

How do Ribosomes exercise Control?

Follow instructions from mRNA.

What is the Role of Lysosomes?

Digest and recycle cell waste/damaged parts.

How do Lysosomes contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Keep cell clean and functional.

How do Lysosomes handle Repair?

Break down damaged organelles for reuse.

How do Lysosomes exercise Control?

Control cell death (apoptosis) when needed.

What is the Role of the Golgi Complex?

Packages, modifies, and ships proteins and lipids.

How does the Golgi Complex contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Prepares molecules for use in or out of the cell.

How does the Golgi Complex handle Repair?

Sends enzymes or proteins to where they’re needed.

How does the Golgi Complex exercise Control?

Directs traffic of cellular products.

What is the Role of Vesicles?

Small sacs for transport and storage.

How do Vesicles contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Move proteins, lipids, and waste.

How do Vesicles handle Repair?

Deliver materials for fixing membranes.

How do Vesicles exercise Control?

Control timing/location of delivery.

What is the Role of Mitochondria?

Powerhouse – makes ATP (energy).

How do Mitochondria contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Provides energy for building new molecules.

How do Mitochondria handle Repair?

Supplies energy for cell repair processes.

How do Mitochondria exercise Control?

Adjusts energy output based on cell needs.

What is the Role of the Nucleus?

Control center, holds DNA.

How does the Nucleus contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Stores and expresses genes needed for growth.

How does the Nucleus handle Repair?

Activates genes for protein repair and DNA repair enzymes.

How does the Nucleus exercise Control?

Directs all cell activities.

What is the Role of the Nucleolus?

Makes ribosomes.

How does the Nucleolus contribute to Growth/Maintenance?

Provides ribosomes for protein synthesis.

How does the Nucleolus handle Repair?

Increases ribosome production when more proteins are needed.

How does the Nucleolus exercise Control?

Ensures ribosome supply matches cell’s needs.