us history quiz for the gilded age
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59 Terms
who was andrew carnegie
a major steel industrialist who built carnige steel. he later became known for giving away alot of his wealth
who was cornelius vander built
a wealthy bussiness man who built a huge railroad and shipping empire
who was john d rockefeller
an oil bussines man who built standard oil and became extremley wealthy
who was j.p morgan
a powerful banker/finacier who helped organzied and control major bussiness
what was capitalism
an economic system where private individuals/businesses own property and operate for profit
what is a monopoly
when one company controls most or all of a market leaving little competition
what is robber baron
a negative term for wealthy industrialists accused of exploiting workers and using unfair business practices
what is a captain industries
a positive term for industrailist who were viewed as building the economy creating jobs and contributing to society
what is a Laissez-faire
the idea the government should interfere very little in businesses
why did labor unions form
workers organized to fight for better wages shorter hours and safer working conditions
what was the gilded age
a period in the latte 1800s marked by rapid industrial growth wealth inequality and political corruption
why did cities grow rapidly during industrialization
immigration, people moving to cities for factory jobs caused urban populations to increase
why did cities sanitaion systems
rapid grown in the urban creating garbage etc
what is a trust
a business arrangement where several companies are combined under one group control reducing competition
what is vertical integration
a company controls different stages of producing and its distributing product
what is a horizontal interrogation
a company buys or combines with a competing company in the same industry
what was industrialization
the growth of factories machines and mass production that changed how goods were made
what was the second industrial revolutoin
a period of major industrial growth in the late 1800s especially in steel oil electricty and railroads
why were railroads important
they connected different parts of the country moved people and goods faster and helped businesses expand
what was a coorporation
a businesses owed by shareholders that is treated as a separate legal enity.
what is a mass production
making large quantities of products quickly often using machines and assembly lines
what is an entrepreneur
a person who stats or organizes a business and takes finacial risks hoping too make a profit
what was the main goal of business under capitalsim
to make profit
why were industrialist called robber barons
critis accused them of becoming wealthy through unfair competition politcal influence and exploitation of works
why were some industrialist called captains of industry
supporters belived they created jobs expande industry and helped the economy grow
what were working conditions like in many factories
workers often faced long hours, low wages, dangerous conditions, and few protections
what is collective barnigng
when workers negotiate as a group usually through a union
what is a strike
when workers stop working composure an employer to meet their demands
why did workers join labor unions
to have more power to demand better pay sorter hours and safer workplaces
what was urbanization
the growth of cities as people moved there for jobs and other opportuites
how did immigration contribute to industrializations
immigrations provided a large workforce for factories mines railroads and other industries
what problems did rapid urbanization cause
over crowding poor housing pollution garbage disease and inadequate sanitation
what was philanthropy
giving money or resources to help others or support public causes, such as education libraries and charities
why did Carnegie believe wealthy people should give away their money
he believed wealthy people had a responsibility to use their wealth to benfit society
what is social dawinism
the idea that competition in society led to the survival of the strongest often used to justify wealth inquiry
what were push factors
things that forced or encouraged people to leave their home country such as poverty persecution war and lack of arable land
what were pull factors
things that attracted people to the United States such as jobs higher wages freedom land and opportunity
what is a arable land
land that is good for growing crops
why did of arable encourage European immigration
people who couldnt find enough productive farmland had fewer opportuities to support themselves encouraging them to leave
what was ellis island
an immigration processing g station in San Frasco bay that processed many Asian immigration’s especially Chinese
what was angel island
an immigration processing station in San Francisco bay that processed many Asian immigrations especially Chinese immigrations
what is the difference between ellis island and angel island
ellis island = european immigrants/ east coast. angel island= asian immigrants/ west coast
what was the chinese exclusion act
an 1882 law that restricted Chinese immigration to the united states
what was urbanization
the growth of cities especially as people moved to cities for jobs
why did immigrats move to american cities
cities offered factory jobs, wages, and economic opportuities
what problems did rapid urbanization cause
overcrowding poor housing pollution garbage disease and sanitation problems
what was a settlement house
a community center that provided services and assistance to immigrations and poor people in cities
what services did settlement houses provide
education childcare healthcare job assistance and other community services
who founded hull house
jane addams
what was hull house
a famous settlement house in chicago founded by jane addams
was a political boss
a powerful political leader who controlled a politcal organization or machine
what was a polical machine
an organization that gained political power by providing jobs and services in exchange for political support
what was patronage
giving people jobs or favor because of their political support
what was Tammany hall
a powerful new york city political organization associated with political machines and bosses
why did Europeans immigrate to the united states
they were pushed by poverty presecution, war, population growth, and lack of arable land and pulled by jobs, wages, freedom, land and opportunity
what are new immigrants
immigrannts who increasingly came from southern and eastern Europe during the late 1800s and early 1900s
where did many old immigrants come from
northern and western Europe including countries such as Britain , ireland, germany, and Scandinavian