PSYC 100: Chapter 11 - Personality

Flashcards about Personality (Chapter 11)

What is gender, according to the lecture?

Attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex; a social construct and social identity.

What is gender identity?

A component of gender that describes a person’s psychological sense of their gender.

What does 'sex' refer to in the context of these notes?

Biological sex assignment.

What are some of Freud's basic principles and themes?

Conflated gender, gender identity, biological sex assignment, emphasis on childhood sexuality, unconscious dynamic, determinism.

Which element of personality is entirely unconscious and follows the pleasure principle?

Id

Which element of personality is conscious and follows the reality principle?

Ego

Which element of personality is the voice of morality?

Superego

What are the four stages of psychosexual development?

Oral, Anal, Phallic, and Genital (plus Latency)

What is the erogenous zone and conflict of the oral stage?

Erogenous zone: mouth; conflict: weaning

What is the erogenous zone and conflict of the anal stage?

Erogenous zone: anus; conflict: potty training

What is the erogenous zone of the phallic stage?

Genitals

What complex do boys experience during the phallic stage?

Oedipus complex

What complex do girls experience during the phallic stage?

Electra complex

What happens during the latency period?

Ego and superego emerge, sexuality is not expressed, no new conflict.

What is the goal of the genital stage?

Ability to gratify own needs while achieving mutual gratification with partner; need complete control of libido; no fixations.

What do ego defense mechanisms do?

Protect us from anxiety

What did Adler's Individual Psychology emphasize, replacing Freud's emphasis on sexuality?

Compensating for inferiority

What did Carl Jung emphasize more than Freud?

The unconscious, proposing a collective unconscious with archetypes.

What did Karen Horney replace penis envy with?

The idea that what women envy is men’s power and privilege.

What is the main idea of behaviorism regarding traits?

Traits are collections of learned behaviors.

What do people naturally do according to Rogers' guiding principles?

Self-actualize, increasing autonomy and wholeness.

What prevents autonomy in humanistic theory?

Conditional positive regard

What does more autonomy lead to, according to current research on humanism (self-determination theory)?

More intrinsic motivation, less depression, less anxiety.

What are the levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Physiological, Safety, Belongingness and Love, Esteem (mastery), Cognitive, Aesthetic, Self-actualization

What is the mathematical/statistical approach used in trait theories?

Factor analysis

What are the Big 5 personality traits?

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (OCEAN)

What are characteristics of Openness to new experiences?

Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, intellectual curiosity, creativity, and variety of experience

What are characteristics of Conscientiousness?

Organized & dependable, self-disciplined, dutiful, “achiever,” and prefer planned rather than spontaneous behavior

What are characteristics of Extraversion?

Energetic, positive emotions, assertive, sociable, seeks stimulation via company of others, talkative

What are characteristics of Agreeableness?

Compassionate, cooperative, trusting, and helpful, and NOT suspicious and antagonistic

What are characteristics of Neuroticism?

Emotional instability; tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability