ending material - Chemistry of the environment

Secondary energy sources get their energy from

another clearly identifiable energy source

The area of the world with the largest oil reserves is…

middle east

The amount of any resource that has yet to be removed from the ground is known as a…

reserve

Solar power requires backup systems for…

nights and cloudy days

Disadvantages of wind power include…

* disturbs wildlife
* interferes with scenery
* requires storage or backup for low wind times

 disadvantages of hydrogen gas as a fuel

* About 1/4 the energy per unit volume of methane
* Must be produced from other sources
* Difficult to handle

Acid deposition from polluted air can damage…

* structures
* lakes
* human health
* vegetation

Acid rain is likely to contain

nitric, sulfuric, and carbonic acids

A form of coal which produces less harmful smoke when burned is called

anthracite

Coal (carbon) tends to burn to produce energy and

CO and CO2 

Industrial smog is related to

burning coal in cold, damp climates

Photochemical smog can produce

ozone, aldehydes, and PAN

A key value of ozone in the stratosphere is its ability to interact with and prevent

ultraviolet rays from reaching the Earth's inhabitants

A single chlorine atom such as a product of the breakdown of CFCs, can destroy

100,000 ozone molecules in the stratosphere

Chlorinated fluorinated hydrocarbons (CFCs) are

harmful in the stratosphere where they break down ozone molecules

Compared to carbon dioxide (CO2), the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is

more effective but less concentrated

Over time, since 1880

global temperatures and carbon dioxide concentrations have increased

The ability of the Earth to trap the sun's heat (allowing it to enter but not to exit) is known as the

Greenhouse Effect

The permanently frozen layer of the ground a short distance under the surface is called the

permafrost

The Earth's largest water compartment is

oceans

The term for the sinking of land due to removal of underground liquids such as water or oil is

subsidence

Eutrophication is the

overgrowth of algae in lakes due to the presence of excess phosphate (PO43- ) ions

Mercury poisoning can occur from consuming fish which contain 

mercury compounds produced from chemical waste by anaerobic bacteria

Tertiary sewage treatment is primarily focused on

disinfection to destroy disease-producing organisms

The recovery zone of polluted natural waters is characterized by

decreasing Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and rising Dissolved Oxygen concentration (DO)