Civ Middle Ages

Patriarch

A leading bishop in the early Christian Church; the Patriarch of Constantinople led the Eastern Church.

Schism

A split in the Church; the Great Schism of 1054 divided Christianity into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox.(argued on who was right leading to the split)

Justinian

Byzantine emperor who sought to restore the Roman Empire and created a unified law code.

Benedict

Founder of Western monasticism; wrote the Rule of St. Benedict.

Clovis

King of the Franks who converted to Christianity, gaining Church support.

Ordeal

A trial based on the belief that God would reveal innocence or guilt.

Charlemagne

Frankish king and emperor who united much of Western Europe.

Feudalism

A political and social system based on land in exchange for loyalty and service.

Fealty

An oath of loyalty sworn by a vassal to a lord.

Fief

Land given by a lord to a vassal in exchange for service.

Vassal

A person who received land and pledged loyalty to a lord.

Manors

Large estates that were the center of medieval economic life.

Chivalry

A code of conduct for knights emphasizing bravery, honor, and loyalty.

Guilds

Associations of craftsmen or merchants that regulated trade.

Bourgeoisie

The middle class of merchants and business owners.

Sacraments

Sacred rituals of the Church (ex: baptism, communion).

Interdict

A Church order denying sacraments to an entire region.

Lay Investiture

The practice of kings appointing Church officials.

Relic

A sacred object connected to a holy person.

Why did it Constantiople fall?

it was taken over by muslims

Frankish Kings

• They ruled areas that are now France, Germany, and surrounding regions

• They helped spread Christianity in Western Europe

• They worked closely with the Roman Catholic Church

Pope Gregory

-Spread Christianity

-built churches

-Organized the Roman Church and its finances

Daily life of monks

-work, pray and study ***

What is one thing Catholics and Orthodox agreed on?

1. The Trinity Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

2. Jesus Christ Fully God and fully human

3. The Bible and Sacred Tradition

Trial of Ordeals

-The accused was put through a dangerous test
-If they survived or healed quickly, they were considered innocent

-If they were injured or died, they were considered guilty

-a way to let God decide guilt through physical tests.

serfs

-word the land of their lords in exchange

-no freedom

peasants

-worked land

-recieve land for doing military work

-more freedom then serfs

The Benedict Rule

-Benedict created it

-blueprint for every aspect of life in a monastic community (what to wear, when they should pray).

what is the difference between a serf and peasant

serfs were legally bound to the land and owed labor to a lord, while other peasants (freemen) had more personal liberty, though still generally poor, working the land for themselves or as tenants.

Agricultural Improvements

3 field system=2/3 used

burghers(bourgeoisie)

Middle Class