Prawo konstytucyjne - konwersatorium

Flashcards for reviewing constitutional law lecture notes.

Źródła prawa (Sources of Law)

A hierarchical system where acts must be consistent with each other and can only be changed by acts of equal or higher rank.

Powszechnie obowiązujące (Generally Binding Law)

Acts that apply to everyone, such as the Constitution or a law.

Prawo wewnętrzne (Internal Law)

Acts that apply only to those within a specific hierarchy or structure, such as a university statute.

Zamknięty katalog źródeł prawa powszechnie obowiązującego (Closed Catalog of Generally Binding Sources of Law)

The list of what can be a source of generally binding law.

Aspekt przedmiotowy (Subject Matter Aspect)

What can be a source of generally binding law.

Aspekt podmiotowy (Subject Aspect)

Only constitutionally specified bodies can issue generally binding acts.

Konstytucja (Constitution)

The highest law in the hierarchy.

Ratyfikowana umowa międzynarodowa za zgodą ustawy (Ratified International Agreement with Parliamentary Consent)

An agreement ratified with parliamentary consent, holding supremacy over ordinary laws.

Akt organizacji międzynarodowej (Act of International Organization)

Law from international bodies, like the EU.

Ustawa (Statute/Law)

A law passed by the parliament.

Rozporządzenia z mocą ustawą (Regulations with the Force of Law)

Regulations issued with the force of law under specific constitutional circumstances.

Regulaminy Sejmu i Senatu (Regulations of the Sejm and Senate)

Internal regulations that can have some generally binding effect.

Ratyfikowane umowy międzynarodowe bez pierwszeństwa przed ustawą (Ratified International Agreements without Priority over Statute)

International agreements ratified without legal precedence over statutes.

Rozporządzenia wykonawcze (Executive Regulations)

Implementing regulations issued to execute a law.

Akty prawa miejscowego (Local Law Acts)

Local laws on par with regulations, not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

Istota działania parlamentu (Essence of Parliament's Operation)

The parliament's main function is to enact laws.

Systemy prawne, które dzielą władzę ustawodawczą z władzą wykonawczą (Legal Systems that Divide Legislative Power with Executive Power)

Systems that share legislative power with the executive.

Ustawodawstwo delegowane (Delegated Legislation)

Granting executive authority to issue regulations with the force of law.

Ustawa (Definition Elements)

An act of parliament, a normative act, and of almost unlimited scope.

Niemal nieograniczonym regulowaniu (Almost Unlimited Regulation)

Regulating nearly everything.

Rozporządzenie z mocą ustawy - warunki wydawania (Conditions for Issuing a Regulation with the Force of Law)

Issued during martial law when the Sejm cannot convene.

Rozporządzenia (wykonawcze) (Executive Regulations)

Issued by bodies directly specified in the Constitution to execute a law.

Zgodność z ustawą (Compliance with the Statute)

Regulations that must be compliant with and further regulate a statute.

Upoważnienie do wydania rozporządzenia (Authorization to Issue a Regulation)

A statutory provision allowing for the issuance of a regulation.

Aspekt podmiotowy - szczegółowość (Subjective Aspect - Specificity)

The body that is authorized to issue a regulation

Aspekt przedmiotowy - szczegółowość (Objective Aspect - Specificity)

Subject to be regulated.

Aspekt treściowy - szczegółowość (Content Aspect - Specificity)

Guidelines that dictate how something should be regulated.

Akty prawa miejscowego - organy (Local Law Acts - Bodies)

Organs of local government and territorial organs of government administration.

Zasady i tryb wydawania (Rules and Procedures for Issuance)

Rules and procedures for issuing local laws as defined by statutes.

Rodzaje aktów prawa miejscowego (Types of Local Law Acts)

Executive provisions and procedural provisions.

Monizm (Monism)

One system.

Dualizm (Dualism)

Separation of domestic and international law.

Akt transformacji (Transformation Act)

Act that brings a provision into domestic law.

Ratyfikowane umowy międzynarodowe (Ratified International Agreements)

International agreements ratified.

Ratyfikacja (Ratification)

An act of final commitment by a state to a treaty.

Ratyfikacja wielka (Grand Ratification)

Agreements ratified under art. 90.

Duża ratyfikacja (Large Ratification)

Agreements ratified under art. 89 ust. 1, requiring parliamentary approval.

Ratyfikacja mała (Small Ratification)

Agreements ratified under art. 89 ust. 2, at the president's discretion.

Bezpośrednio stosowane akty organizacji międzynarodowych (Directly Applied Acts of International Organizations)

Acts issued under international agreements that constitutionally empower international organizations.

Akty prawa wewnętrznego (Acts of Internal Law)

Doesn't create a mutual connection system.

Regulaminy parlamentarne (Parliamentary Regulations)

Parliamentary regulations.

Ogłaszanie aktów normatywnych - wprowadzenie (Publication of Normative Acts - Introduction)

The act of publishing a normative act is required for the act to take effect.

Dziennik Ustaw - Dz.U. (Journal of Laws)

A record of laws.

Monitor Polski - M.P. (Polish Monitor)

Less significant laws.

Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej - Dz.Ur.UE (Official Journal of the European Union)

European Union laws translated into Polish.

Prawo wyborcze (Electoral Law)

Law of the European Union.

Zakres stosowania procedur wyborczych (Scope of Application of Electoral Procedures)

At least one chamber of parliament must be.

Ujęcie przedmiotowe (Objective Approach)

Concerned with conducting elections and counting votes.

Ujęcie podmiotowe (Subjective Approach)

Deals with qualifications related to who is eligible to vote and when.

Czynne prawo wyborcze (Active Suffrage)

The right to vote.

Bierne prawo wyborcze (Passive Suffrage)

The right to run for office.

Przymiotniki wyborcze (Electoral Adjectives)

Universality, equality, directness/indirectness, secrecy, proportionality/majoritarianism.

Przesłanki posiadania czynnego prawa wyborczego (Conditions for Having Active Suffrage)

Polish citizenship, age 18, full public and electoral rights, legal capacity, residency.

Przesłanki biernego prawa wyborczego (Conditions for Having Passive Suffrage)

Having active suffrage (except for mayor/president), reaching a certain age, not losing the right to run.

Bezpośredniość/pośredniość wyborów (Directness/Indirectness of Elections)

A state must be at least have one chamber to be selected by the people.

Dopuszczalne głosowanie (Permissible Voting)

Voting by proxy and by mail.

Przez pełnomocnika (By Proxy)

Voters with at least a moderate level of disability or completed 60 years of age.

Korespondencyjne (By Mail)

Significant disability, completed 60 years of age.

Wybory proporcjonalne/większościowe (Proportional/Majoritarian Elections)

The votes the winners receive.

System większości względnej (Relative Majority System)

One round; the winner is the one with the most votes.

System większości bezwzględnej (Absolute Majority System)

A system where you have at least half the votes.

Wybory proporcjonalne (Proportional Elections)

Seats are distributed proportionally to the election results.

Modyfikowany przez tzw. klauzule (progi) wyborcze (Modified by So-Called Electoral Clauses (Thresholds))

Used to decide what committees will get what candidates if they have the votes.

Równość wyborów w znaczeniu formalnym (Equality Of Elections in the Formal Sense)

Equality in the sense that everyone should be treated equally.

Równość wyborów w znaczeniu materialnym (Equality Of Elections in the Material Sense)

Equality in a very practical sense.

Organy wyborcze - stałe (Election Bodies - Permanent)

Permanent election bodies.

Organy wyborcze - doraźne (Election Bodies - Ad Hoc)

Ad hoc committees.

Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza - PKW (State Election Commission - PKW)

The highest election body.

Komisarze wyborczy (Election Commissioners)

Appointees of the PKW.

Zadania organizuje wybory na poziomie lokalnym (Tasks Organize Elections at the Local Level)

Runs elections at a local level.

Kampania wyborcza - czas trwania (Election Campaign - Duration)

Between the decree for an election and 24:00 on the day before polling day.

Cisza wyborcza (Election Silence)

Called election silence.

Tzw. tryb wyborczy (The So-Called Election Mode)

A civil procedure where you can file a lawsuit to correct any misinformation on a related subject.

Głosy nieważne (Invalid Votes)

An election is invalid only when voter card is completely torn, no vote has been made, there are marks other than 'x' on the card, or more than one choice has been identified.

Weryfikacja ważności wyników wyborów (Verification of the Validity of Election Results)

The Supreme Court.

Uzupełnianie obsady personalnej organów (Supplementing the Personal Staff of Bodies)

Filling a seat by another candidate further down the list.

Metody przeliczania mandatów (Methods of Converting Seats)

Used to determine who gets what seats in the election.

Informacje ogólne - Parlament (General Information- Parliament)

At least one chamber must be elected democratically.

Parlament jako organ przedstawicielski (Parliament as a Representative Body)

Must reflect the current political landscape.

Zasada jednolitości składu (Principle of Uniformity of Composition)

Every vote of a person represents the same thing.

Autonomia parlamentu (Autonomy Of The Parliament)

The parliament must have predominance.

Dwuzibowość (bikameralizm) (Two-Part (Bicameralism))

Geneza: państwa federalne (Genesis: Federal States)

Kadencja - definicja (Term - Definition)

A period during which the body has a specific alignment.

Skrócona kadencja (Shortened Term)

May be shortened through resolution or presidential decree.

Art. 155 ust. 2 (Art. 155 Paragraph 2)

Parliament must be called.

Przedłużona (Extended)

The parliament may be extended.

Sposoby obliczania kadencji - kluczowy moment: wybory (Ways to Calculate Terms - Key Moment: Elections)

The moment of election.

Zasada dyskontynuacji prac parlamentu (Principle of Discontinuity of Parliament's Work)

All matters before the parliament are deemed closed at the end of a term.

Rozpatrzenie sprawozdania sejmowej komisji śledczej (Consideration of the Report of the Sejm Investigative Committee)

Parliament can only hear the matter out.

Zgromadzenie Narodowe (National Assembly)

A basis for the operation.

Pierwsze posiedzenie Sejmu - zwołanie (First Session of the Sejm - Convocation)

The session is convened with a 30 or 15 day notice.

Posiedzenia Sejmu (Sejm Sessions)

Each session is an individual period.

Sposoby (Ways)

Raise of hands and other methods.

Reasumpcja (Resumption)

Motion to revote after 50% say 'yes'.

Rodzaje większości (Types of Majority)

Simple, absolute, and qualified.

Organy (Body)

Chairpersons and assistants.

Konwent Seniorów (The Senior Convention)

Organ opiniodawczy (Opinion-forming Body)

Komisje sejmowe - rodzaje (Sejm Committees - Types)

Regular, ad hoc, and investigative.

Organizacja Senatu - odrębności (Organization of the Senate - Differences)

More than 4 deputy speakers must be.

Formy zrzeszeń parlamentarnych (Forms of Parliamentary Associations)

Political and non-political.