Barron's AP Music Theory - Chapter 3 Flashcards

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What is the pattern of the major scale?

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* W W H W W W H

What is the order of sharps and flats in the key signatures?

• Flats: BEADGCF

• Sharps: FCGDAEB

What are the two ways to identify the key from the key signature?

• Sharps: half step up from the last sharp in the key signature (that sharp is ti)

• Flats: last flat is a major fourth UP from the key signature

  • the second to last flat is the scale, and if not, its F

What is the circle of fifths? Draw it out if you can

A cycle of escalating flats and sharps for keys

• Major: C on top: clockwise is sharps and fifths, counterclockwise is flats and fourths

• Minor: A on top, all else same.

How to draw:

• Just do a circle of fifth intervals (there’s 12 so space accordingly) starting by going right

• Label escalating #’s and b’s going up from C (sharps to the right, flats to the left),

• 5b/7#, 6b/6#, 7b/5# in the bottom three.

What is the minor scale pattern?

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* W H W W H W W

What’s the trick for identifying the relative minor of a major key?

• The relative minor of a major key starts on the SIXTH of the major key

• Ex. relative of C major is A minor

What are parallel keys?

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* Minor and major scales with the same tonic (ex. A Major and A Minor)

What are ALL the scale degree names and ways of remembering them? What are the differences in the minor scale?

• 1 = Do = Tonic

• 2 = Re = Supertonic

  • Super means above the tonic

• 3 = Mi = Mediant

  • Mi = mediant

• 4 = Fa = Subdominant

  • Below the dominant

• 5 = So = Dominant

  • Next in importance to tonic

• 6 = La = Submediant

  • Six = submediant (S)

• 7 = Ti = Leading Tone

  • Tone leads back to the tonic (halfstep below)

• Minor scale differences

  • Regular

    • 7th is the subtonic (wholestep below the tonic)

    • Note that it is once again called the leading tone in harmonic minor or on the way up in melodic

  • Melodic

    • 6th is called the raised submediant

What is the stability chart of notes in the major scale? What do the unstable/active notes resolve to?

• From most stable to most active:

  • 1, 3, 5, 2, 6, 4, 7

• Resolutions

  • 7 resolves up to 1

  • 4 resolves to 3

  • 6 resolves to 5

  • Chromatic notes resolve to the nearest scale degree, up or down

What is a pentatonic scale?

\
* __**Pentatonic Scale**__
* **NO half steps or active tones**
* **1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 1 (from a major scale with the same tonic)**

What is an acronym for the church modes?

• I Don’t Play Loud Music At Lunch

• Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian

What is the ionian mode and a trick fror remembering it?

Literally major lol

What is the physical anatomy of the dorian scale and a trick for remembering it?

• Natural minor + #6

• OR major with a flat 3 and flat 7

• If someone asks for x dorian, just take the MINOR second down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the phrygian scale and a trick for remembering it?

• Major with flat 2, 3, 6, 7

• If someone asks for x phrygian, just take the major third down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the Lydian scale and a trick for remembering it?

• Major + #4

• If someone asks for x lydian, just take the major fourth down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the Mixolydian scale and a trick for remembering it?

• Major + b7

• If someone asks for x mixolydian, just take the major fifth down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the Aeolian scale and a trick for remembering it?

natural minor lol

What is the physical anatomy of the Locrian scale and a trick for remembering it?

• Natural minor + b2 and b5\

• If someone asks for x locrian, just take the minor second down from x and play the minor scale starting on x.

What’s another name for cut time?

Alla breve