Barron's AP Music Theory - Chapter 3 Flashcards

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What is the pattern of the major scale?

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* W W H W W W H

What is the order of sharps and flats in the key signatures?

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* Flats: BEADGCF
* Sharps: FCGDAEB

What are the two ways to identify the key from the key signature?

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* **Sharps:** half step up from the last sharp in the key signature (that sharp is ti)
* **Flats:** last flat is a major fourth UP from the key signature
* the second to last flat is the scale, and if not, its F

What is the circle of fifths? Draw it out if you can

A cycle of escalating flats and sharps for keys

* **Major:** C on top: clockwise is sharps and fifths, counterclockwise is flats and fourths
* **Minor: A on top, all else same.**

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How to draw:

* Just do a circle of fifth intervals (there’s 12 so space accordingly) starting by going right
* Label escalating #’s and b’s going up from C (sharps to the right, flats to the left),
* 5b/7#, 6b/6#, 7b/5# in the bottom three.

What is the minor scale pattern?

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* W H W W H W W

What’s the trick for identifying the relative minor of a major key?

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* The relative minor of a major key starts on the SIXTH of the major key
* Ex. relative of C major is A minor

What are parallel keys?

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* Minor and major scales with the same tonic (ex. A Major and A Minor)

What are ALL the scale degree names and ways of remembering them? What are the differences in the minor scale?

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* 1 = Do = **Tonic**
* 2 = Re = **Supertonic**
* Super means above the tonic
* 3 = Mi = **Mediant**
* Mi = mediant
* 4 = Fa = **Subdominant**
* Below the dominant
* 5 = So = **Dominant**
* Next in importance to tonic
* 6 = La = **Submediant**
* Six = submediant (S)
* 7 = Ti = **Leading Tone**
* Tone leads back to the tonic (halfstep below)

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* **Minor scale differences**
* **Regular**
* **7th is the subtonic (wholestep below the tonic)**
* **Note that it is once again called the leading tone in harmonic minor or on the way up in melodic**
* **Melodic**
* **6th is called the raised submediant**

What is the stability chart of notes in the major scale? What do the unstable/active notes resolve to?

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* **From most stable to most active:**
* **1, 3, 5, 2, 6, 4, 7**
* **Resolutions**
* **7 resolves up to 1**
* **4 resolves to 3**
* **6 resolves to 5** 
* **Chromatic notes resolve to the nearest scale degree, up or down**

What is a pentatonic scale?

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* __**Pentatonic Scale**__
* **NO half steps or active tones**
* **1 - 2 - 3 - 5 - 6 - 1 (from a major scale with the same tonic)**

What is an acronym for the church modes?

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* I Don’t Play Loud Music At Lunch
* Ionian, Dorian, Phrygian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian, Locrian

What is the ionian mode and a trick fror remembering it?

Literally major lol

What is the physical anatomy of the dorian scale and a trick for remembering it?

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* Natural minor + #6
* OR major with a flat 3 and flat 7
* If someone asks for x dorian, just take the MINOR second down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the phrygian scale and a trick for remembering it?

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* Major with flat 2, 3, 6, 7
* If someone asks for x phrygian, just take the major third down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the Lydian scale and a trick for remembering it?

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* Major + #4
* If someone asks for x lydian, just take the major fourth down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the Mixolydian scale and a trick for remembering it?

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* Major + b7
* If someone asks for x mixolydian, just take the major fifth down from x and start it on x

What is the physical anatomy of the Aeolian scale and a trick for remembering it?

natural minor lol

What is the physical anatomy of the Locrian scale and a trick for remembering it?

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* Natural minor + b2 and b5\\
* If someone asks for x locrian, just take the minor second down from x and play the minor scale starting on x.

What’s another name for cut time?

Alla breve