Arthrology

Other name of Fibrous joints

Synarthroses

Other name of Cartilaginous joints

Ampiarthroses

Other name of synovial joint

Diarthroses

Movement of fibrous joints

Immovable

Movement of cartilaginous joint

Slightly movable

Movement of synovial joints and it is composed of?

Freely movable and articular cartilage is composed of hyaline cartilage

Bones are joined by dense fibrous/connective tissue and no joint cavity

Fibrous joint

Bones are connected by cartilage; still no true joint cavity

Cartilaginous joints

Bones are separated by a joint cavity, filled with synovial fluid; enclosed by a capsule; often witg ligaments

Synovial joint

Example of Fibrous joint

Sutures of the skull = all species

Example of Cartilaginous joints

Intervertebral discs between symphysis and Pubic symphysis of goat, cow, horse, pig, and dog

Example of Synovial joint

Limb joints - shoulder, hip, knee, elbow, hock of all animals

For protection and stability

Fibrous joint

For limited flexibility

Cartilaginous joints

For wide range of motion, most important in locomotion

Synovial Joint

Hinge joint moves in one direction like a?

Door Hinge

Pivot joint allows?

Rotation around a central axis

Spherical head fits into a cup-like socket; allows multi-directional movement

Ball-and-socket joint

Oval-shaped _________ fits into a shallow cavity; allows flexion, extension, and slight rotation

Condylar joint

Flat surfaces slide over one another; limited gliding movement

Plane (gliding) joint

Each bone has both concave and convex regions; allows back-and-forth and side-to-side movement

Saddle joint

Saddle joint allows?

allows back-and-forth and side-to-side movement

Movement of plane (gliding) joint

gliding movement

Condylar joint is for?

flexion, extension, and slight rotation

Example of Hinge joint

Elbow joint; temporomandibular joint (cow, goat, horse, pig, dog)

Example of Pivot joint

Atlanto-axial joint (between 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae)

Example of Ball-and-socket joint

Shoulder joint; hip joint (dog, horse, cow, goat, pig, birds)

Example of Condylar joint

Stifle joint (knee) (cow, horse, goat, pig, dog)

Example of Plane (gliding) joint

Carpal and tarsal joints; temporomandibular joint

Example of Saddle joint

Thumb joint in humans; interphalangeal region in animals

Enables bending of forelimb; in poultry similar action at wing

Hinge joint

Enables shaking head “no”; movement seen in mammals, limited in birds

Pivot joint

Allows circular, forward, backward, and side movement; essential for walking and motion

Ball and socket joint

Found in hindlimbs; helps in powerful thrust during movement

Condylar joint

Allows slight shifting or sliding for stability and shock absorption

Plane (gliding) joint

In animals, less pronounced — hooved paws limit this flexibility

Saddle joint

Hinge and Ball and socket function

Major for motion

Plane joint function

Stability and shock absorption

Pivot joint function

Head and neck movement

Condylar joint function

Strong limb flexion (knee area)

STRUCTURALLY SIMILAR ACROSS SPECIES, BUT ADAPTED TO EACH ANIMAL’S MOVEMENT

Joint

Joint movement for different species

Horse = speed

Dog = agility

Goats = climbing

Poultry = flight

Cow = endurance

Pig = Stability