Biology: The Brain + Drugs

Which structure is considered the main part of the neuron and contains organelles?

The cell body

Which structure within the neuron contain small branches off of the cell body?

Dendrites

Which structure within the neuron is a single, long branch that conducts impulses away from the cel body

Axon

Which cell within the nervous system is responsible for protection, support, and holding neurons in place?

Neuroglia

Which type of Neuroglia anchor smal blood vessels to the neurons?

Astrocytes

Which type of Neuroglia contains phagocytes that remove dead cells ad pathogens?

Microglia

Which type of Neuroglia form myelin sheaths within the CNS?

Oligodendrocytes

Which type of Neuroglia forms myelin sheaths within the PNS?

Schwann Cells

Which two types of Neuroglia wrap membranes around the axons, creating a type of insulation around it?

Schwann Cells and Oligodendrocytes

Which type of neuron is responsible for relaying sensory information to the brain and spinal cord?

Afferent Neurons (sensory neurons)

Which type of neuron conducts impulse away from the brain and spinal cord?

Efferent Neurons (motor neurons)

Which type of neuron is located within the CNS and conducts impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons?

Central or Connecting Neurons (interneurons)

Membranes covering the brain and spinal cord are called:

Meninges

This fluid within the CNS cushions and “floats” the weight of the brain

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

This CNS tissue type contains cell bodies and nonmyelinated sheaths

Gray matter

This tissue type within the CNS contains myelinated neurons

Gray Matter

The medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain are all located within the ________.

Brain Stem

The Diencephalon contains which two structures?

Hypothalamus an Thalamus

Which brain structure allows sensory information to travel from the higher structures of the brain and arouses the cerebrum?

Reticular Formation

This structure of the brain helps maintain homeostasis by controlling appetite, wakefulness, thirst, and body temperature.

Hypothalamus

This structure of the brain is responsible for relaying sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex; the sensory relay station.

Thalamus

This structure of the brain helps maintain balance, posture, and helps coordinate smooth muscle movements.

Cerebellum

This structure of the brain is responsible for consciousness, memory, and voluntary movement

Cerebrum (cerebral cortex)

This structure within the Cerebrum is responsible for voluntary movement

Primary Motor Area

This structure within the Cerebrum is responsible for receiving sensory information

Primary Somatosensory Area

This structure of the brain is responsible for our emotions, sensations of fear, and the triggering of the fight or flight response.

Amygdala

This structure of the brain is responsible for learning, memory, language, and speech.

Hippocampus

This structure resides on the left side of the brain and is responsible for language interpretation

Wenicke’s Area

This structure resides on the left side of the brain and is responsible for grammar, speaking, and writing

Broca’s Area

This section of the spinal cord contains myelinated axon fibers

White Matter

This section of the spinal cord contains dendrites and cell bodies

Gray Matter

This section of the spinal cord contains the central cavity and CSF

Central Canal

_____ are nerves are within the PNS entering and exiting the brain.

Cranial Nerves

This cranial nerve type branches throughout the thoracic and abdominal cavity

Vagus Nerve

______ are pairs of nerves within the PNS entering and exiting the spine

Spinal Nerves

________ is responsible for regulating the body’s involuntary functions

Autonomic Nervous System

This type of neuron sends signals to the cardiac muscles, smooth muscle, and glands

Postganglionic Neurons

The _______ nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response; accelerated heartbeat, dilated, bronchi, and the inhibition of digestive organs.

Sympathetic Nervous System

The ________ nervous system is responsible for the “rest and digest” stage; relaxation, digestion, and the slowing of the heart rate

Parasympathetic Nervous System,

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Norepinephrine

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.

Acetycholine

Which drug increases the amount of the neurotransmitter GABA?

Xanax and Valium

This neurotransmitter is inhibitory and can help decrease anxiety and panic attacks

GABA