Mixtures key definitions

Mixture

A substance made up of two or more pure substances.

Solution

A clear mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent, small particles, doesn’t settle. E.g saltwater, sugar water, cordial water.

Suspension

A cloudy liquid containing insoluble particles that settle, large particles. E.g Dirty water, orange and pulp juice, sand water.

Sediment

Substances that settles to the bottom of a mixture.

Colloid

Cloudy mixture that contains insoluble particles that stay suspended in the mixture, it does not settle, medium particles. E.g jelly, paint, fog.

Emulsion

Type of colloid, when two or more liquids are mixed together, with one suspended in the other with tiny droplets. E.g milk, Mayo

Soluble

Can be dissolved in a liquid

Solute

Substances that dissolves in a liquid ( solvent)

Solvent

A liquid in which other substances dissolve

Dilute

Contains small number of solute particles in the volume of solution

Concentrated

Containing a large number of solute particles in the volume of particles

Saturated

Salutation in which no more solute can be dissolved

Magnetic separation

Proccess of using magnets to separate magnetic materials from non magnetic materials.

Decanting

technique used to separate sentiment from the liquid, by carefully pouring the liquid away

Sedimentation

Procces of a substance settling to the bottom

Flotation

Floating in a liquid or gas

Flocculant

Chemical added to a mixture to make suspended particles clump together and settle

Filtering

Technique used to separate different sized particles in a mixture depending on the size of the holes in the filter used. ( usually separates liquids and solids).

Sieving

A separation technique based on the difference in particle size( separates solids).

Centrifuging

Technique used to separate light and heavy particles by rapidly spinning the mixture, and the heavy particles fall to the bottom

Crystallisation

Separation technique used with evaporation to remove a dissolved solid from a liquid, after the liquid has been evaporated the solid remains as a crystal

Distillation

Technique uses evaporation and condensation to separate a solid from the solvent in which it has dissolved.

Chromatography

A technique used to separate substances according to their different solubilities.

Paper chromatography

1.) The end of the papa is dipped in water

2.) The water moves along the paper and the most soluble substances dissolves first.

3.) when the water has finished moving along the water, you compare to see which one moved the farthest and that would be the most soluble.

Insoluble

Unable to be dissolved

Solubility

How easily a substance dissolves in a solvent

Soluble

Can be dissolved

Pure substance

Something that contains only one type of substance

Water as a solvent

living things depend on water as a solvent and our bodies use water to dissolve out food.

How properties of a substance be used to separate them from mixtures.

Properties: ( particle size, solubility, magnetism, boiling point, density etc.)

Substances have their own properties and are different from each other, based on these properties we can choose a separation method.

Size and mass of a particle of a substance relate to the methods used to separate them.

When filtering when the particles are too large they can’t pass through the holes, only liquids/ small particles pass through

When sieving if the particles are small enough they can pass through the sift and if there to big it stays there as the residue.

In centrifuging , the heavier particles will move to the bottom while the lighter ones will be at the top.

Different boiling points can be used to separate mixtures

Substances have different boiling points, which means you can boil a mixture and the substance in it with the lowest boiling point will evaporate first, and the other substance will be left there. They are separated.

Solubility of a substance used to separate a mixture

In chromatography they use the solubility of a substance to separate mixture. If one substance is soluble and the other is not then they are different and can be separated.