HONR Exam II Vocab

Sura

chapter, discourse

Aya

verse, sign

Islam

religion of mercy

Islamic prophet

someone who has been appointed by God to call their own people to turn back to God

Islamic messenger

prophets who receive scripture to deliver to their people

prostrate

bow down

arrogance (in the Quran)

defense mechanism against inferiority

Jinn

realm of the unseen; created from fire; pure emotion; capable of disobeying God

angels

realm of the unseen; made out of light; pure rationality; unable to disobey God

Gabriel in Quran

one angel that gave God's word to Muhmmad for humanity

Iblis in Quran

original fallen one

Michael in Quran

angel that oversees the angels operating reality

diacritics

phonetic pronunciation

heart

realm of yearning

mind

realm of intentions

body

realm of actions

Dharma

caste/social duty/law of universe

Svadharma

caste duty, your specific dharma in society

Kshatriya

someone with a caste duty to fight, warrior

Atman

self or soul; real, eternal, unchanging core of the human individual

Brahman

binding unity behind all diversity; universal, infinite, eternal, unchanging

Maya

veil of illusion of the reality/truth of the phenomenal finite world

Samsara

karmic impression, impact, imprint; cycle of birth, death, and rebirth

Buddhi

insight

yoga

dedicated skill in discipline/practice that is unattached to the "fruits of action"

three types of yoga

- Jhana

- Karma

- Bhakit

Jhana Yoga

yoga of knowledge/wisdom

Karma Yoga

yoga of action/work

Bhakti Yoga

yoga of devotion

yogi

practitioner of yoga

Prakrti

nature; forces of nature

three gunas

three basic qualities that make up everything in nature:

- Sattva

- Rajas

- Tamas

Sattva

source of potential joy/pleasure

Rajas

source of activity, pain, passion

Tamas

source of resistance, heaviness, delusion

Purusha

sacrifice of Cosmic Man, "self" or "spirit" that pure consciousness that observes everything

epistemology

study of knowledge, what can we know, what does it mean to know

elenchus

back and forth conversation working on dismantling thoughts and breaking belief systems

dialetic

other side of elenchus, when you break something, you have to fix it or rebuild, dialogue that tries to find the truth, to build a more proper understanding

aporia

sense of perplexity when you cannot figure out which direction to go and realize there is a gap in your knowledge

eidos

idea or form; standard, most real and unchanging version of a thing

philos

friend

echtros

enemy

ironia

deliberately misdirected speech

Pre-Socratics

philosophers who came before Socrates, obsessed with nature

Platonic warrior

citizen philosopher

Apologia

defense speech

Daimonia

spiritual sign

Peloponnesian War

civil war between Sparta and Athens

Gadfly

annoying gnat

Kalon

noble in Greek

Sophist

teachers of virtue

Cantata

musical composition for voice and instruments, typically with multiple movements and including both choral and solo sections

conjunct melody

simple melody that does not jump around in terms of pitch

Syncopation

rhythm is given emphasis such that it does not fall on the main pulse, placing rhythmic beats stress in weak beats or off beats

Patter Song

large amount of text sung quickly

asymmetrical rhythm

cyclicism

repeating the same musical idea across movements to create unity and sense of return

fanfare

short and loud musical announcement placed across by brass and percussion to signal something important

form (music)

structure or layout of a musical composition

pedal point

a long and sustained note under changing chords

fortuna

philosophical symbol for unpredictability of fate

strophic

melodic lines and rhythmic freedom

carnivalesque

temporary inversion of social order; wild, chaotic, breaking norms

sefirot

type of allegory in Song of Songs according to Zohar, means emanations of God

verset

individual portions of a line

Wasf

Arabic style of love poetry that figuratively describes the beloved's body parts, usually beginning at the top of the head and working its way down

mimetic desire

desire grows when you see other people want it, coined by Rene Girard

verses

individual line or a short stanza of poetry, much like in modern songs

epithumia

yearning, longing, passion, sexual desire, lust

Martus

witness

Marturia

bear witness

metaphysics

more real stuff, the stuff that is outside of our perceptions and the way our perceptions change things we perceive

Christomimesis

imitate Christ; first by living, then by dying

Anchorite

someone who withdraws from society so they can lead a life focused on prayer, meditation, reading, and solitaire

Conventus

to come together

Monastus

to live alone

Divine Offices/Canonical Hours

private, short worship services, psalm singing, hymn singing, readings, prayers

Liturgies

organized, structured, planned worship services

Matins

divine offices during the night, right after midnight

Lauds

divine offices at dawn

Vespers

divine offices at 6pm

Monophonic Melodies

single melodic line

Drone

sustained series of pitches that provides harmonization for melody

Organum

second voice replicates melody in parallel fashion, 2 melodic lines follow each other at a certain interval

Mukham

school of Arabic thought of one meaning

Mutashabih

school of Arabic thought of many meanings

Moksha

liberation from samsara

Sanyasi

renunciate monk

Prasadam

food sacrafice

Kuladharma

laws of the family

Brahmin

caste of aristocrats, mouth

Vaisya

caste of merchants, thighs

Sudra

caste of servile class, feet

Brahmanirvana

Buddhist sublime peace, reached by abandoning all desires

OM

sacred syllable, imperishable

Samskara

karmic imprints/baggage

henotheistic

worshipping a single God but not denying the existence of possible existence of other Gods

Vedas

ancient sacred Hindu scriptures

Theophany

when a deity appears before a mortal