Conservative key terms

Conservatism

A political ideology that prioritises stability, order, and continuity, emphasising tradition, a sceptical view of human nature, and a cautious approach to change. Conservatives typically value established institutions, social hierarchy, and authority.

Hierarchy

The Conservative belief that society is naturally organised in fixed tiers, where one's position is not based on individual ability.

Authority

The idea that people in higher positions in society are best able to make decisions in the interests of the whole society; authority thus comes from above.

Change to conserve

The belief that society should adapt to changing circumstances rather than reject change outright and risk rebellion and/or revolution.

Atomism

The view that society is made up of self-interested and self-sufficient individuals (also known as egotistical individualism).

Noblesse oblige

The duty of the wealthy and privileged to look after those less fortunate.

Anti-permissiveness

A rejection of permissiveness, which is the belief that people should make their own moral choices, suggesting there is no objective right and wrong.

Radical

Belief whose ideas favour drastic political, economic, and social change.

Human imperfection

The traditional conservative belief that humans are flawed in a number of ways, which makes them incapable of making good decisions for themselves.

Laissez-faire

A preference towards minimal government intervention in business and the state.

Empiricism

The idea that knowledge comes from real experience and not from abstract theories.

Tradition

The accumulated customs, practices, and institutions passed down through generations, which conservatives see as essential for maintaining social cohesion, identity, and wisdom. Tradition embodies tried and tested solutions and is valued over radical innovation.

Pragmatism

A practical, flexible approach to politics and problem-solving that prioritises what works in practice over rigid adherence to ideology or theory. Conservatives often adopt a pragmatic attitude, favouring incremental reform over utopian visions.

Organic society / Organic state

The belief that society is a living organism, where individuals are interdependent and the social order has evolved naturally over time. Changes should respect the delicate balance of this organic whole, rather than disrupt it with artificial reforms.

Paternalism

The idea that those in authority (often the state or elite) have a duty to look after those who are less capable or disadvantaged, much like a father cares for his children.

Soft paternalism

Guidance and support are provided while still respecting individual choice.

Hard paternalism

The state or authority intervenes more directly, possibly overriding personal choices for the individual’s or society’s own good.

Continuity

The emphasis on preserving the existing order and historical development of institutions, customs, and social norms. Conservatives see continuity as key to stability and identity.

Identity

A sense of belonging and rootedness derived from shared culture, history, tradition, and national or communal bonds. Conservatives believe identity is formed organically through these long-standing associations.

Anomie

A state of normlessness or breakdown of social values and standards, often leading to alienation and instability. Conservatives fear that rapid change or radical reform can result in anomie by weakening shared moral frameworks.

‘Little platoons’

A phrase from Edmund Burke referring to the small, local associations—such as family, community, church, or voluntary groups—that form the fabric of society. Conservatives believe these groups are essential for nurturing responsibility and moral behaviour.

Immutable human nature

The idea that human nature is fixed and unchanging. Conservatives argue that attempts to radically reshape society fail because they ignore the enduring characteristics of human beings—such as self-interest, emotional instincts, and a need for order.