Ch 1: History of Microbiology

What is the purpose of pasteurization?

To kill pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms.

Who is considered responsible for our ability to see the 'invisible world'?

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek.

How does exposure to cowpox affect immunity to smallpox?

Individuals who contracted cowpox were later immune to smallpox.

What bacteria is used in yoghurt production?

Bacteria in the Lactobacillus genus.

What types of microorganisms are not used to make cheese and bread?

Parasites and viruses.

Do microbes play a role in the production of butter?

No, butter does not use microbes to become a product.

Which products use microbes in their production?

Beer, bread, wine, and cheese.

What happens to milk after pasteurization if it spoils?

The new gallon of milk expires in a week due to the killing of spoilage microorganisms.

Can some parasites and fungi be seen without a microscope?

Yes, some parasites and fungi can be seen without the aid of a microscope.

Are viruses considered microbes?

Yes, viruses are considered to be microbes.

What was a challenge before the invention of the microscope regarding microorganisms?

It was difficult to prove the existence of microorganisms.

What type of microorganisms are used to make bread, beer, and wine?

Yeast.

What is the science of classifying, describing, and naming organisms called?

Taxonomy.

Who developed the modern system of classifications?

Linnaeus.

Which taxonomic category contains the largest number of organisms?

Kingdom.

What mnemonic helps remember the taxonomic ranks?

Don’t Knock Phil’s Door Cuz Ollie Feels Gross SaturdayS.

What are the three domains of life?

Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea.

What are the two parts of a scientific name for organisms?

Genus and specific epithet (species).

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A diagram used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms.

How can the shape of a bacterium be used in classification?

Shape is a visual method of identifying bacteria.

What does a food microbiologist usually do?

Work with the public health department to determine the cause of foodborne outbreaks.

What is the fungus used in beer production?

Yeast.

What is the study of infectious agents and their interaction with the body called?

Immunology.

To which kingdom does yeast belong?

Fungi.

What do Archaea lack in their cell walls?

Peptidoglycan.

What is the focus of virology?

The study of viruses.

What is mycology?

The study of fungi.

What role does an environmental microbiologist play in an oil spill?

Determine the use of microbes in the cleanup of the oil spill.