TTU K-12 WGEO B Final Exam Prep Part 3

Choose the word or phrase that best paraphrases the definition of the term carrying capacity.

a.potential

b.sustainability

c.environmental harm

d.weight limit

a. potential

Identify a way the economy of East Africa is changing.

a.A shift from agriculture to a service economy, especially focusing on ecotourism.

b.A shift from cash crops to subsistence farming.

c.Less reliance on raw materials such as minerals, timber, and agricultural crops in favor of an increasing reliance on the manufacturing and industrial sectors.

d.Rising foreign investment from China, resulting in improved infrastructure and increased trade.

d. Rising foreign investment from China, resulting in improved infrastructure and increased trade.

The two dominant religions in East Africa are

a.Christianity and Islam.

b.Christianity and Ethiopian Orthodoxy.

c.Islam and animism.

d.Bantu and Tutsi.

a. Christianity and Islam.

What has prevented the proper management of East Africa's natural resources?

a.desertification, deforestation, and the loss of arable land

b.local lack of natural resources, or the uneven distribution of resources, such as freshwater and oil

c.fires and droughts caused by climate change

d.overwhelming social problems, including poverty and substandard public health

d. overwhelming social problems, including poverty and substandard public health

What historical effect did East Africa's access to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean have on the subregion that still influences its society to this day?

a.multiculturalism

b.the spread of Islam

c.an increasing Bantu ethnic majority

d.social isolation

a. multiculturalism

What was the main impact of European colonial powers in East Africa?

a.They allowed greater social freedoms for women and improved the quality of life, especially regarding public health, transportation, and economic opportunity.

b.They exploited, or unfairly took advantage of, the peoples and natural resources of the subregion.

c.They introduced multiculturalism and new ideas to the subregion.

d.They established the slave trade and promoted ethnic conflict among indigenous peoples, resulting in genocide.

b. They exploited, or unfairly took advantage of, the peoples and natural resources of the subregion.

Which environmental issue has been most directly addressed by East African governments?

a.deforestation

b.desertification

c.poaching

d.water pollution

a. deforestation

Which example directly relates an economic development issue with an environmental issue?

a.Colonial powers favored certain ethnic groups over others, resulting in long-standing ethnic tensions, which have led to extremism and genocide.

b.Lack of infrastructure means many people must use wood because they don't have access to electricity, resulting in deforestation.

c.Poor public health has resulted in lower life expectancy.

d.Persistent drought has led to desertification and loss of arable land.

b. Lack of infrastructure means many people must use wood because they don't have access to electricity, resulting in deforestation.

Which factor plays the most important role in determining population patterns of East Africa?

a.access to fresh water

b.access to the fertile coastal Sahel

c.the lasting social impact of borders set by colonial powers

d.proximity to major urban centers and trade routes

a. access to fresh water

Why are there so many different types of climates and biomes within the East African sub-region?

a.East Africa covers a wide area of longitudes, and has many different landforms.

b.East Africa covers a wide area of latitudes, and has many different elevations.

c.East Africa covers significant longitude and has long coastlines along the Indian Ocean and

Mediterranean Sea.

d.East Africa covers significant latitude and has long coastlines along the Indian Ocean and Red Sea.

b. East Africa covers a wide area of latitudes, and has many different elevations.

Rift Valley

a low-lying valley that forms when tectonic plates move apart, or rift, beneath the Earth's surface

Fault

A fracture or zone of fractures between two blocks of rock.

Escarpment

A steep slope or cliff that separates two areas of different elevation

Cataract

A large waterfall or a series of waterfalls.

Indigenous

Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.

Lingua franca

A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different.

Overfarming

The practice of farming land so intensively that the land's fertility is degraded.

Habitat

The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

Carrying capacity

The maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support sustainably.

Poaching

The illegal hunting, capturing, or collecting of wildlife.

Reservoir

A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

River plain

A flat area of land adjacent to a river, formed by the river's sediment deposits.

Conflict diamonds

Diamonds mined in war zones and sold to finance armed conflict.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society.

Griots

West African storytellers, poets, and musicians who maintain the oral history of their people.

e-Commerce

Commercial transactions conducted electronically on the internet.

Erosion

The process by which soil and rock are removed from the Earth's surface by wind or water flow.

Fishery

A place where fish are reared for commercial purposes.

A decade-olds conflict in Sudan that ended in 2005 was based on a dispute over...

a.Islamic-oriented governments versus secular governments.

b.a border between north and south Sudan.

c.access to water sources in south Sudan.

d.sacred sites in north Sudan.

a. Islamic-oriented governments versus secular governments.

About how wide is the Transition Zone at its widest point?

a.650 miles

b.250 miles

c.125 miles

d.3,700 miles

b. 250 miles

In what part of the Transition Zone are nuclear families rapidly replacing extended families?

a.countries along the eastern coast

b.countries along the western coast

c.rural areas

d.urban areas

d. urban areas

One of the legacies of the Transition Zone's colonial past is...

a.its forms of governments.

b.its countries' political boundaries.

c.its health care system.

d.its Muslim religion.

b. its countries' political boundaries.

What is the topography of the Sahel?

a.mainly flat with a series of low rugged mountains along the east coast

b.mainly flat with a few rolling hills along the east coast

c.mainly flat with a series of plateaus

d.mainly flat with numerous deep basins and depressions

c. mainly flat with a series of plateaus

What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884?

a.to train Africans in water management and agricultural practices

b.to regulate European colonization in Africa

c.to intervene in a civil war between warring ethnic groups in Africa

d.to send humanitarian aid to drought-stricken Africa

b. to regulate European colonization in Africa

Which action would produce the best results toward combating desertification?

a.limiting areas used for livestock grazing

b.adopting agricultural methods that put less stress on the land

c.creating large-scale farms near water sources

d.restricting agricultural activity to essential crops

b. adopting agricultural methods that put less stress on the land

Which challenge makes it especially difficult to combat desertification in the Transition Zone?

a.religious and cultural traditions

b.a rapidly growing population

c.lack of international assistance

d.lack of cooperation among countries

b. a rapidly growing population

Which part of the Transition Zone receives the most rainfall?

a.south

b.eastern coast

c.western coast

d.north

a. south

Would a period of heavy rainfalls help the Transition Zone to combat desertification?

a.Yes, but it would only be a temporary solution.

b.Yes, because the water would be collected in reservoirs.

c.No, because the ground is too dry to absorb the water.

d.No, because it would produce floodwaters filled with sand and dirt.

c. No, because the ground is too dry to absorb the water.

Transition Zone

An area where two different regions or ecosystems meet and mix.

Sahel

A semi-dry region between the Sahara Desert and fertile lands in Africa.

Delta

Land formed by sediment at a river's mouth, often fertile.

Sanitation

Practices to maintain cleanliness and prevent disease.

Patriarchal

A system where men hold most power and authority.

Clan

A group of families with a common ancestor.

Nuclear Family

A family with two parents and their children living together.

Oral Tradition

Passing down culture and history through spoken stories.

Subsistence Farming

Farming to grow enough food for a family's needs.

Desertification

The process of land turning into desert due to human or natural causes.

domesticate

to adapt plant and animals from the wild for human use

Harmattan

a hot, dry wind that blows from the northeast or east in the Western Sahara.

After September 11, 2001, the United States overthrew the government of...

a.Afghanistan.

b.Armenia.

c.Uzbekistan.

d.Turkmenistan.

a. Afghanistan.

Despite small amounts of ________ land, nearly half the workforce in Central Asia lives by farming.

a.landlocked

b.irrigated

c.arable

d.arid

c. arable

Grains that are grown for food—such as barley, oats, or wheat—are known as...

a.fruits.

b.graziers.

c.cereals.

d.produce.

c. cereals.

In Central Asia, some farming takes place on ________, or areas where underground water naturally comes to the surface.

a.oases

b.kums

c.wadis

d.islands

a. oases

In what two Central Asian countries is the majority of the population Christian?

a.Armenia and Georgia

b.Afghanistan and Uzbekistan

c.Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

d.Tajikistan and Turkmenistan

a. Armenia and Georgia

The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the ________ Sea is an agreement that commits bordering countries to reducing agricultural and industrial pollution in that troubled body of water.

a.Dead

b.Aral

c.Caspian

d.Black

c. Caspian

The testing of nuclear weapons has led to serious health and environmental problems in the former Soviet republic of...

a.Azerbaijan.

b.Kazakhstan.

c.Turkmenistan.

d.Armenia.

b. Kazakhstan.

Uzbekistan is one of the world's leading producers and exporters of...

a.coffee.

b.wheat.

c.petroleum.

d.cotton.

d. cotton.

What ethnic group is the dominant political group in Afghanistan?

a.Turkmen

b.Uzbek

c.Kirghiz

d.Pashtun

d. Pashtun

When the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, they encountered resistance from ________, or Islamic guerrilla fighters.

a.mujahideen

b.expatriates

c.Taliban

d.al-Qaeda

a. mujahideen

Amnesty International and other human rights organizations are pressuring governments to...

a.protect the rights of small landowners to drill for oil on their property.

b.stop persecuting non-Muslims for practicing their faith.

c.crack down on human rights abuses against immigrants.

d.break the pattern of discrimination and abuse against nomadic bedouin groups.

c. crack down on human rights abuses against immigrants.

Countries along the ________ coast are among the most desertified on the Arabian Peninsula.

a.southern

b.northern

c.Persian Gulf

d.Red Sea

c. Persian Gulf

How have countries in the Arabian Peninsula managed freshwater, their most precious resource?

a.Most have refused to switch to desalination as a source because it is too expensive.

b.Most use much less water per person than western countries with greater freshwater resources.

c.Most have drawn too heavily from aquifers and wasted it with poor irrigation methods.

d.Most have maintained strict limitations on the use of freshwater so little is wasted.

c. Most have drawn too heavily from aquifers and wasted it with poor irrigation methods.

Nomadic bedouin tribes moved from place to place because...

a.they were persecuted by permanent residents and had no place of their own.

b.they were searching for the lost holy city of Muhammad.

c.they needed to move their herds from one desert oasis to another.

d.they grew crops that quickly exhausted the weak soil in each area.

c. they needed to move their herds from one desert oasis to another.

Push and pull factors refer to

a.the reasons people leave and are drawn to the Arabian Peninsula.

b.the process of drilling and extracting oil from the vast deposits under the deserts.

c.the political give and take between nations as they negotiate trade agreements.

d.the annual process of planting and harvesting in the eastern lowlands.

a. the reasons people leave and are drawn to the Arabian Peninsula.

The Arabian Shield has

a.a vast bowl shape with steep escarpments on the east and west sides.

b.a high plateau that provides water for the regions rivers.

c.rolling hills that catch the moisture blowing off the Arabian sea and support the region's best farmland.

d.volcanic mountains and an escarpment along the west coast.

d. volcanic mountains and an escarpment along the west coast.

The Red Sea is an important resource because it

a.provides a buffer zone that protects the peninsula from invaders.

b.provides moisture that soaks the peninsula's deserts during the summer monsoons.

c.contains an unusually hardy coral reef.

d.contains significant deposits of oil and hosts many oil-drilling platforms.

c. contains an unusually hardy coral reef.

The ________ industry produces the most soil, air, and water pollution in the region.

a.agriculture

b.mining

c.water desalination

d.construction

c. water desalination

The actions of ________ threaten the stability of the region.

a.immigrants, religious extremists, and the European Union

b.insurgents, al-Qaeda militants, and pirates

c.unions, NGOs, and protesters

d.women's rights advocates, foreign oil companies, and bedouins

b. insurgents, al-Qaeda militants, and pirates

To reduce the environmental impact of agriculture, countries in the region are...

a.buying farmland overseas and building greenhouses at home.

b.converting deserts to farmland with new irrigation techniques.

c.building hydroponic gardens that float on the waterways surrounding the peninsula.

d.importing fertile topsoil and applying fertilizers judiciously.

a. buying farmland overseas and building greenhouses at home.

A development project in Turkey known as GAP involves the construction of nearly two dozen dams along the...

a. Turkish Straits.

b. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

c. Dardanelles and Volga River.

d. Shatt al Arab River.

b. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

About 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians developed a code of writing as well as...

a. the worlds first social welfare system.

b. a basic understanding of medicine.

c. a system of canals and military defenses.

d. a code of law and system of mathematics.

d. a code of law and system of mathematics.

Agriculture in Iraq has been negatively impacted due to soils that have become increasingly...

a. saline.

b. dry.

c. acidic.

d. toxic.

a. saline.

Due to high mountains that block moisture from major bodies of water, much of the inland areas of the Northeast (Turkey, Iran, and Iraq) experiences which type of climate?

a. tropical

b. subtropical

c. arid or semi-arid

d. Mediterranean

c. arid or semi-arid

Iran and Iraq joined with several oil-producing neighbors to form OPEC, which agreed to regulate oil production in order to

a. keep oil prices high.

b. lower oil prices.

c. impose safety restrictions.

d. prevent harm to wetlands.

a. keep oil prices high.

Problems with ________ in Iraq raised the concern of U. S. military officials, who worried about the effects on American soldiers stationed there.

a. air pollution

b. agricultural runoff

c. deforestation

d. oil extraction

a. air pollution

The Persian Empire arose to the east of Mesopotamia, across the Zagros Mountains in present-day ________, before spreading across the region.

a. Iran

b. Kurdistan

c. Turkey

d. Iraq

a. Iran

Today the majority of people living in the Northeast region (Turkey, Iran, and Iraq) are...

a. Jewish.

b. Muslim.

c. Orthodox Christian.

d. Ottoman.

b. Muslim.

Which of the following is the world's largest inland body of water and is a key fishery that is threatened by pollution?

a. the Caspian Sea

b. the Black Sea

c. the Euphrates River

d. the Tigris River

a. the Caspian Sea

Which of the following very active fault lines is about 750 miles (1200 km) in length and extends across much of Turkey?

a. East Aritrean

b. Eurasian

c. San Andreas

d. North Anatolian

d. North Anatolian

Differentiate the climates of coastal and inland subregions of Eastern Mediterranean nations.

a. Coastal subregions have arid desert conditions, while inland areas have a semi-arid steppe climate.

b. Coastal subregions have a Mediterranean climate, while inland areas have semi-arid steppe and/or arid desert conditions.

c. Coastal subregions have Mediterranean and/or semi-arid desert conditions, while inland areas have an arid steppe climate.

d. Coastal subregions have semi-arid steppe conditions, while inland areas have Mediterranean and/or arid desert climates.

b. Coastal subregions have a Mediterranean climate, while inland areas have semi-arid steppe and/or arid desert conditions.

Followers of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam have a shared belief in...

a. the concept of monotheism.

b. the teachings of Jesus.

c. the text of the New Testament.

d. the text of the Old Testament.

a. the concept of monotheism.

Generalize the social status trends of women in the Arab nations of the Eastern Mediterranean.

a. Women have about the same rights and opportunities as men, although this varies from region to region.

b. Women have more rights and opportunities than men, but men are slowly gaining more rights.

c. Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, and their social situation is growing worse due to the Arab Spring.

d. Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, but in some instances and regions, they are slowly gaining more rights.

d. Women have fewer rights and opportunities than men, but in some instances and regions, they are slowly gaining more rights.

Many economies of the Eastern Mediterranean subregion have been slow to develop due to...

a. ethnic tensions among Jews, Christians, and Muslims.

b. environmental problems such as overgrazing, overfishing, and water and air pollution.

c. scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.

d. over-reliance on the economically unstable services industry, especially tourism.

c. scarcity or uneven distribution of natural resources such as oil, natural gas, and especially water.

Syria, Jordan, and Lebanon have populations that are each over 90 percent Arab, while Israel's population is about 75 percent Jewish. What can you conclude from this data?

a. The population in each of the region's countries is diverse and multicultural.

b. Ethnicity and religion play little to no role in the region's population pattern.

c. The population in each of the region's countries is greatly influenced by ethnicity.

d. Significant Jewish minorities live in mostly Arab countries of the region.

c. The population in each of the region's countries is greatly influenced by ethnicity.

What practical step could local governments of Eastern Mediterranean countries take to control air pollution?

a. ban tourism

b. manage urban development

c. improve irrigation and water conservation techniques, such as water recycling

d. regulate pesticides and fertilizers

b. manage urban development

What was an effect of the 1947 UN action to divide the former Ottoman and British colony of Palestine into a Jewish and Arab state?

a. Both Jews and Palestinian Arabs accepted the plan, though disputes over the land would continue for decades.

b. Jews accepted the plan, forming the independent state of Israel, while Arab Palestinians rejected it.

c. Jews fled the region to escape violent conflict over the land, creating pockets of Jewish refugees in the neighboring states of Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria.

d. Arab Palestinians accepted the plan, while Jews rejected it because they wanted control of all the land.

b. Jews accepted the plan, forming the independent state of Israel, while Arab Palestinians rejected it.

Which describes a population pattern of the Eastern Mediterranean?

a. Most people live in inland areas.

b. People are equally divided between coastal and inland areas.

c. Most people live along coastal areas.

d. People are equally divided between inland river valleys and coastal areas.

c. Most people live along coastal areas.

Which river provides water to all of Syria?

a. the Tigris River

b. the Negev River

c. the Euphrates

d. the Syrian River

c. the Euphrates

Which water body connects the Eastern Mediterranean nations with the Red Sea and Indian Ocean to the south?

a. the Dead Sea

b. the Euphrates River

c. the Jordan River

d. the Gulf of Aqaba

d. the Gulf of Aqaba

rift valley

a valley formed by the separation of tectonic plates

kibbutz

a communal farm or settlement in Israel

moshav

a cooperative settlement of small individual farms in Israel

monotheism

belief in one God

prophet

person believed to be a messenger from God

mosque

in Islam, a house of worship

stateless nation

an ethnic group without a formal country

fertilizer

a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility

pesticide

a chemical used to kill insects, rodents, and other pests

desertification

process in which arable land becomes desert