LEOPOLD'S MANEUVER, CATHETERIZATION, PERINEAL CARE

Leopold’s Maneuver

A systematic method of observation and palpation to determine fetal presentation and position.

First Maneuver

Determines fetal presentation.

Second Maneuver

Identifies the fetal back.

Third Maneuver

Assesses fetal engagement.

Fourth Maneuver

Evaluates fetal attitude.

Fetal Size

Refers to the dimensions of the fetal head.

Fetal Attitude

The normal position of the fetus, typically fully flexed with chin on chest, rounded back, and flexed limbs.

Fetal Lie

The orientation of the fetus's long axis in relation to the mother's uterus.

Longitudinal Lie

The fetal long axis is aligned with the mother's uterus, with the head down.

Transverse Lie

The fetal longitudinal axis lies perpendicular to the long axis of the uterus.

Cephalic Presentation

Fetal presentation where the head is down.

Breech Presentation

Fetal presentation where the buttocks or feet are positioned to be delivered first.

Frank Breech Presentation

Both hips flexed and both knees extended, with feet near the head.

Complete Breech Presentation

Both hips and knees are flexed.

Diagonal Conjugate

Distance measured between the anterior surface of the sacral prominence and the inferior margin of the symphysis pubis.

True Conjugate

Distance from the sacral prominence to the posterior surface of the symphysis pubis.

Obstetric Conjugate

Distance between the midpoint of the inner surface of the symphysis pubis to the midpoint of sacral promontory.

Ischial Tuberosity

Transverse diameter of the pelvic outlet.

Catheterization

The introduction of a catheter through the urethra into the urinary bladder.

Urinary Frequency

The need to urinate many times during the day.

Nocturia

Waking up during the night to urinate.

Dysuria

Painful urination.

Enuresis

Involuntary passage of urine.

Urinary Incontinence

Loss of bladder control.

Urinary Retention

Condition where the bladder doesn't empty completely.

Micturition

The process of emptying urine from the bladder.

Bladder Capacity

The bladder normally accommodates up to 300-400 ml in adults.

Urethral Reflexes

Reflexes that inhibit involuntary bladder emptying.

Straight Catheter

A single lumen tube with a small opening for temporary catheterization.

Foley Catheter

A double lumen catheter used with an inflated balloon.

Three-Way Foley Catheter

Used for patients requiring continuous bladder irrigation.

French Scale for Catheters

Measurement that indicates the size of catheters; one French equals 1/3 mm.

Catheter Length for Adult Female

22 cm or sizes #14 - #16.

Catheter Length for Adult Male

40 cm or size #18.

Catheter Length for Children

Sizes #8 - #10.

Retrograde Urethrography

A procedure involving the injection of contrast into the urethra.