Biology - DNA and RNA

mutation did not change the protein, which determines the color.

A mutation arises in the gene that determines color in Betta fish. The mutation changes the DNA sequence of the gene, but does not affect the color of the Betta fish. This can occur because the

The genetic diseases or unwanted traits can reappear in the population as a result of new, spontaneous mutations.

Which of the following is the primary reason that selective breeding cannot completely eliminate genetic diseases or unwanted traits from a population?

sugar and phosphate group

**DNA's structure is made up of free floating nucleotides bonded together to form a double helix. The backbone of the DNA strand is made up of a __________.**

not be passed to offspring.

**Harmful genetic mutations that occur in an individual's somatic cells will**

nucleotide base sequence in DNA.

**Genetic mutations are harmful or beneficial changes that occur in an individual's**

chromosome

**Addition mutations occur with the addition of a __________.**

frameshift mutation

**When a genetic code is read in a 3-base codon sequence after a gene is mutated and a nucleotide is added, what type of mutation occurs?**

point mutations

Gene mutations that involve a change in one or more nucleotides are known as __________.

amino acids

**The DNA houses the instructions for arranging __________ into many different proteins.**

somatic

**Mutations that occur in __________ cells are usually not detected because they cannot be passed on to offspring.**

the specific sequence of the nitrogen bases

What part of the DNA determines the traits of an organism?

Transcription

**__________ is the synthesis of RNA from DNA.**

Translation

**__________ is the synthesis of a polypeptide.**

RNA polymerases

**During transcription, __________ take apart DNA strands and hook together the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template.**

mRNA, polypeptide

During translation, a cell has to translate the base sequence of a(n) __________ molecule into an amino acid sequence of a(n) __________ molecule.

It causes one amino acid to change based on the switching of a nucleotide on the mRNA strand.

**How does a point mutation affect an amino acid sequence?**

can cause cancer

**Mutations in somatic cells __________.**

linkage analysis

**The relative positions of genes on a chromosome can be determined by conducting __________.**

loci

**Linkage relates to a condition where two __________ are located near one another on the same chromosome.**

independently

**If two genes at two loci are on separate chromosomes, they will segregate __________.**

Each strand of DNA makes a complementary copy of itself.

**Which of the following describes why an exact copy of DNA is replicated each time a cell divides?**

true because mutations happen all the time

**"No two living things have exactly the same DNA, except for identical twins."** \n **This statement is __________**

DNA ligation

**Which of the following processes would be used to connect two cut segments of DNA to one another?**

recognizing and cutting specific sequences of nucleotides

**Restriction enzymes are important to DNA technology. These enzymes work by__________.**

DNA

**The sequence of amino acids in a given protein is initially determined by the genetic information found in __________.**

RNA molecule

**A(n) __________ is necessary for the copying DNA, transporting amino acids, and building proteins.**

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogen base

**Which of the following describes the composition of a nucleotide?**

alter bacteria to produce different proteins

**DNA transformation is a process which can be utilized to __________.**