Philippine Nationalism: Heroes and their Ideas

imagined community

By creating a sense of national kinship, heroes facilitate a person’s internalallegiance to the nation, the awareness of citizenship and belonging to “the people”, an element of what Benedict Anderson has called the “________” tha tconstitutes nationalism.

Benedict Anderson

By creating a sense of national kinship, heroes facilitate a person’s internalallegiance to the nation, the awareness of citizenship and belonging to “the people”, an element of what ________ has called the “imagined community” tha tconstitutes nationalism.

Esteban de Ocampo

_____, a well-known historian, stated that a hero means a prominent or central figure that plays an admirable part in any remarkable action or event; a person of distinguished valor or enterprise in danger or fortitude in suffering; and a man honored by public worship after his death for an exceptional service to mankind.

National Heroes Committee

On March 28, 1993, by Executive Order No. 75 of the President, the _____ was established, commissioned to study, evaluate and recommend historical figures to be declared national heroes

March 28, 1993

On _______, by Executive Order No. 75 of the President, the National Heroes Committee was established, commissioned to study, evaluate and recommend historical figures to be declared national heroes

Heroes

_______are those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s freedom

Heroes

are those who define and contribute to a system or life of freedom and order for a nation.

anarchy

Freedom without order will only lead to ______-

Mabini and Recto

Therefore, heroes are those who make the nation’s constitution and laws, such as_____

Heroes

____ are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation. (As defined by Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz)

Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz

Heroes are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation. (As defined by _______)

hero

A ____ is part of the people’s expression. But the process of a people’s internalization of a hero’s life and works takes time, with the youth forming a part of the internalization.

hero

. A ______ thinks of the future, especially the future generations.

constitutions

To the latter, ____ are only the beginning, for it is the people living under the constitution that truly constitute a nation.

revolution

n reality, however, a _____ has no end. _____ are only the beginning. One cannot aspire to be free only to sink back into bondage.

Jose Rizal

_______- was the author of some of the most important writings about the aristocracy and colonization of Spain in the Philippines.

Jose Rizal

He was known to many Filipinos and foreigners all over the world and was considered as one of the forerunners of establishing early Philippine studies in Europe when he was actively participating in the so-called propaganda movement.

Andres Bonifacio

_______ led the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society that fought against Spanish oppression and colonial rule in the Philippines

Andres Bonifacio

A patriot (notcommunist) who spearheaded various military campaigns during the Philippine Revolution as acts of rebellion against the ruling of Spanish colonial government.

Andres Bonifacio

He also envisioned the establishment of a Tagalog republic in which the locals will be united and organized through attaining a single vision for the homeland anchored from our rich values and cultural identity

Emilio Aguinaldo

____ is one of the most fascinating revolutionaries in the Philippines who were able to witness the Philippine campaigns for Independence under three eras of colonization from Spain, America, and Japan

Emilio Aguinaldo

He was considered as a brave general in many revolutions and was recognized as the First President of the Philippine republic.

Emilio Aguinaldo

_________ was also known for several successful encounters and guerilla movements that he organized to campaign for the independence of the Philippines.

Juan Luna

____ was one of the greatest Filipino artists of all times and considered as genius painter who advocated for the Philippine reformation in Europe.

Juan Luna

He was the artist who created the world-famous magnum opus, Spoliarium, which was awarded a first-class medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts

Juan Luna

He was born in Badoc, Ilocos Norte on October 23, 1857 and died in Hongkong on December 07, 1899.

Marcelo Del Pilar

_______ was a Political analyst and writer of various issues in the Philippine society during the peak of Spanish colonization in the country.

Marcelo Del Pilar

In 1882, he founded the nationalistic newspaper, Diariong Tagalog and circulated progressive and patriotic writings in Europe.

Melchora Aquino

_______-is one of the two females among the nine historical figures recommended as heroes. She was better known as “Tandang Sora”, “Mother of Balintawak”, and “Mother of the Philippine Revolution”.

Melchora Aquino

Born in the city of Kalookan, ______ home became an important location and venue for several secret meetings of the katipunan. Here, she helped the revolutionaries by feeding and providing medical attention to the revolutionaries. She also carried many secret tasks such as recruitment of other members and encouraged them to join the struggle with maternal advice and prayers.

Apolinario Mabini

____- was one of the foremost of the Philippine revolutionary heroes.

Apolinario Mabini

He was considered as the “brains” of the revolution because of his role as the architect of the 1898 Philippine revolutionary government.

Apolinario Mabini

Under _______’s revolutionary government, he served as the first legal and constitutional adviserand then as the first Prime Minister of the Philippines upon the establishment of the First Philippine Republic

Apolinario Mabini

____ performed his entire revolutionary and governmental activities despite losing the use of both his legs to polio shortly before the Philippine Revolution of 1896. He was also the author of a unique draft constitution that labelled the woman asgreat partners in nation building.

Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat

_____— was the most powerful Sultan of Maguindanao in the Philippines. He successfully repelled Spain’s conquest to subdue Mindanao

Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat

He was also a hindrance to the Christianization of the Mindanao Island much like the other Muslim rulers of the Southern Philippines.

Mohammad Dipatuan Kudarat

_____ was a direct descendant of Shariff Kabungsuwan, a Malay-Arab missionary who brought Islam to the Philippines between the 13th and 14th centuries.

Sultan Kudarat

________ also forged an alliance with the Sultanate of Sulu, a neighboring maritime sultanate, by marrying its sultan’s daughter.

Sultanate of Sulu

The ______ was one of the most powerful sultanates in the prehistorical Philippines and situated east of the territories of the Sultanate of Maguindanao, and its territory stretched to the northern part of Borneo.

María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang

______ was a revolutionary fearless female warrior and a great leader of the Filipino people to fight for independence from Spain.

María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang

She took over the revolutionary movement of her husband Diego Silang after his assassination in 1763 and became a military general in the resistance who led the longest sustained revolt to counter the colonizers.

María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang

Her actions inspired both men and woman to continue in the struggle against western imperialism. She also mobilized the Indigenous peoples in the north such as the Tingguian community to fight the Spaniards and resists until they were executed by the colonizers on September 20, 1763.