chap 2 o chem

chiral

non super impossible on your mirror image. think hands

what makes a molecule chiral

1) must have a stereo center

2) must not have a plane of symmetry

Enantiomers

pair of non super imposible mirror images

racemic mix 

50/50 mix of two enantiomers 

diastereomers

stereoisomers that are not mirror images of themselves

what way does R rotate

clockwise

what way does s rotate

counter clockwise

what makes a compound meso?

must have 2+ stereo isomers. must have a plane of symetry( achiral)

optically active

enantiomers rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions

dextrorotary

light rotated clockwise = +ve

levorotary

light rotated counter clockwise =-Ve

Transition state

state between reactants and products or intermediates. bonds breaking and forming not areal species 

free energy of activation

energy barrier to go from reactants to products

reactive intermediates

real chem species formed during a reaction that is not products or reactants

rate determining step

slowest step in. reaction highest delta G

hammond postulate

the geometry of transition state most resemble the side it is closer in energy to

heterolytic cleavage

both electrons go together. become ions

hemolytic clevage

1 e- goes with each electron. both become radicals