Jews

What changed for the Nazis in January 1933?

They came to power and gained access to the resources of the German state, including the police and court system, allowing them to implement their anti-Semitic ideology.

Why couldn’t the Nazis persecute Jews legally before 1933?

They were not in power and did not control the state’s legal or political systems.

Which organizations did the Nazis control after 1933 that helped them harass Jews?

The police, the court system, the SA (Stormtroopers), and the SS (Schutzstaffel).

What types of harassment began as early as March 1933?

Attacks on Jewish businesses and families, broken shop windows, and anti-Semitic graffiti.

What was the 1933 Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses?

A nationwide campaign where SA and SS members blocked customers from entering Jewish-owned shops.

Why did the 1933 boycott of Jewish businesses fail?

Ordinary Germans continued shopping at Jewish stores, and international pressure forced the Nazis to back down.

What did the Nazis decide to do instead of public harassment?

Use legal means (laws) to gradually push Jews out of German society.

Why did the Nazis switch to using laws instead of violence to target Jews?

Violence offended many ordinary Germans who saw Jews as friends and neighbors.

What law did Wilhelm Frick introduce in April 1933?

The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service.

What did The Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service do?

It removed Jews from civil service jobs and reclassified them as non-Aryans.

What professions were Jews banned from in 1934?

Doctors, Judges, and Journalists.

How many anti-Jewish laws did the Nazis pass by the late 1930s?

Over 400 laws, all aimed at excluding Jews from mainstream German society.

How did some Jews initially respond to Nazi harassment and laws?

They thought it was temporary and believed common sense would prevail, so they stayed in Germany.

How did other Jews respond to the Nazi rise to power?

They saw the Nazis as a serious threat and emigrated from Germany.

How many Jews left Germany by the end of 1933?

37,000 Jews.

What countries did Jews migrate to after leaving Germany?

Britain, the USA, Australia, Canada, and South Africa.

Which famous Jew fled Germany during this period?

Albert Einstein, who moved to the USA.