Bontrager Ch.3 Workbook

The two large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra that are usually visible on an anteroposterior (AP) radiograph are called ________________

Psoas Muscles

The medical prefix for stomach is

gastro

3 parts of small intestine

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Which portion of the small intestine is considered to be the longest?

ileum

The large intestine begins in the ________________ quadrant with a saclike area called the ________________

RLQ, Cecum

The sigmoid is located between _________________ and _________________ of the large intestine

Descending colon, rectum

What is considered part of the lymphatic system?

Spleen

3 accessory digestive organs

liver, gallbladder, pancreas

The pancreas is located ________________ to the stomach

posteriorly

An organ that is NOT directly associated with the digestive system is _______

spleen

Why is the right kidney found in a more inferior position than the left kidney?

Presence of the liver on the right

Which endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney?

suprarenal (adrenal)

True/False: The correct term for the radiographic study of the entire urinary system is the intravenous pyelogram (IVP).

False intravenous urogram (IVU)

The double-walled membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the

Peritoneum

The organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as

Retroperitoneal

A Structure helps stabilize and support the small intestine

Mesentery

A structure that is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach

Greater omentum

Location of the peritoneum: Liver

Intraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Urinary bladder

Infraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Kidneys

Retroperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Spleen

Intraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Ovaries

Infraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Duodenum

retroperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: transverse colon

Intraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Testes

Infraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Adrenal glands

retroperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Stomach

Intraperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Pancreas

retroperitoneum

Location of the peritoneum: Ascending and descending colon

Retroperitoneum

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Liver

RUQ

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Spleen

LUQ

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Sigmoid Colon

LLQ

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Left colic flexure

LUQ

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Stomach

LUQ

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Appendix

RLQ

Correct abdominal quadrant in which the organ is found:
Two-thirds of jejunum

LUQ

What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen?

Umbilical

What abdominal regions contains the rectum?

Pubic

The prominence of the greater trochanter is about the same level as the _______________ border of the symphysis pubis, and the lower margins of the ischial tuberosities are about ________ to _________ inches (1 to 4 cm) _______________ to the symphysis pubis

superior, .4, 1.5, distal

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the two pelvic bones?

Symphysis pubis

Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3?

Inferior costal margin

The iliac crest is at the level of the ______________ vertebra

L4-L5

What are the two causes of voluntary motion?

-patient breathing
-patient movement during exposure

What is the primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen?

Peristaltic action of the bowel

What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion?

Use shortest exposure time possible

True/False
Because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure.

False

True/Flase For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four sides of the radiograph

False

Gonadal shielding should NOT be used during abdomen radiography if

It obscures essential anatomy

Gonadal shielding for ______________ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelvic region

Females

Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the _______, with the bottom at the ____________.

ASIS, Symphysis Pubis

An exposure consideration that would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-sized adult using a digital radiographic system?

80-85 kVp, grid, 40-inch (100-cm) SID

True/False: A radiolucent pad should be placed underneath geriatric patients for added comfort.

True

True/False: The umbilicus ("belly button") is a reliable, alternative landmark to use for the bariatric patient.

False

True/False: The image receptor should be placed in portrait alignment for an abdomen study on an obese patient.

False

With the use of iodinated contrast media, _____ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst or tumor of the liver.

CT

The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is

Ultrasound

_________________ is used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis

Ultrasound

Free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity

pneumoperitoneum

Inflammatory condition of the colon

ulcerative colitis

Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel

Intussusception

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

Bowel obstruction caused by a lack of intestinal peristalsis

Adynamic (paralytic) ileus

A twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction

Volvulus

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction

Crohn disease

Distended loops of air-filled small intestine

Crohn disease

Air-filled "coiled spring" appearance

Intussusception

General abdominal haziness

ascites

Thin crest-shaped radiolucency underneath diaphragm

Pneumoperitoneum

Deep air-filled mucosal protrusions of colon wall

ulcerative colitis

Large amount of air trapped in sigmoid colon with a tapered narrowing at the site of obstruction

Volvulus

The central ray (CR) is centered to the level of the ___________________ for a supine AP projection of the abdomen

iliac crest

Exposure for an AP projection of the abdomen should be taken on ___.

Expiration

Which type of body habitus might require two landscape-aligned image receptors to be taken so the entire abdomen is included?

hypersthenic body type

An abdominal structure that is not visible on a properly exposed KUB?

Pancreas

Why may the PA projection of a KUB generally be less desirable than the AP projection?

Increased object image receptor distance (OID) of kidneys on PA

Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?

Left Lateral Decubitus
(Free air best visualized in upper right abdomen in area of liver)

Why should a patient be placed in the decubitus position for minimum of 5 minutes before exposure?

To allow intra-abdominal air to rise/abnormal fluids to accumulate

Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias?

Dorsal Decubitus

Which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurysm in the prevertebral region of the abdomen?

Lateral position

Which projection of the three-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphragm?

PA chest