Biological Classification and Species Review

Vocabulary practice session covering various biological groups including SAR, Archaeplastida, Excavata, Unikonts, and plant divisions.

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Plasmodium falciparum

A member of the SAR group that causes the most deadly form of Malaria.

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Volvox

A colonial green algae in the Archaeplastida group characterized by hollow colonies with baby colonies inside.

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Chlamydamonas

A flagellated single celled green algae belonging to the Archaeplastida group.

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Spirogyra

A filamentous green algae in the Archaeplastida group known for having spiral chloroplasts.

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Mixed Diatoms

Organisms within the SAR group characterized by having a 2 piece glass shell.

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Paramecium

A freshwater species in the SAR group that uses lots of cilia, which are hair like projections, for mobility.

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Plasmodium vivax

A species in the SAR group known for causing Malaria.

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Euglena

A unicellular flagellated freshwater species belonging to the Excavata group.

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Giardia

An organism categorized under the Excavata group.

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Amoeba Proteus

An organism categorized under the Unikont group.

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Trichononas Vaginalis

An Excavata group organism that causes Trichomoniasis.

Trichonympha

A termite endosymbiont.

Physarum

A Unikont group organism known as Plasmodial Slime Mold.

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Antheridia (Monilophyta)

Structures in the gamerophyte where sperm is produced.

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Archegonia (Monilophyta)

Structures in the gametophyte where eggs are produced.

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Marchantia (liverwort)

A type of Liverwort in the Hepatiocophyta group; as a young sporophytes.

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Marchantia (liverwort) archegoniophores

Structures in the Hepaticophyta group where Liverwort eggs are made.

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Marchantia (liverwort) Antheridiophore

Structures in the Hepaticophyta group where Liverwort sperm is found.

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Moss (mnium) Archegonial head

A haploid structure containing eggs.

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Moss (mnium) Antheridial head

A haploid structure containing sperm.

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Moss (mnium) Diploid sporophyte

A mature capsule with spores.

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Dinoflagellates

SAR supergroup

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Physarum

Plasmodium Slime Mold

Unikont

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Coccus

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Spirillum (spirochete)

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Bacillus

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Nostoc

Cyanobacteria

Type of plant, non vascular, gametophyte dominant, need water to sexually reproduce with flagellated sperm, includes Hepaticophyta, Bryophyta, and Anthocerophyta

Bryophytes

Liverwort

Hepaticophyta

True mosses

Bryophyta

Hornworts

Anthocerophyta

Type of plant, seedless vascular plants, sporophyte dominant, need water to sexually reproduce with flagged sperm, includes Lycophyta and Monilophyta

Pterophytes

Club “moss”, spike “moss”, quillwort

Lycophyta

Whisk “fern”, horsetail, true ferns

Monilophyta

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Liverwort

Marchantia

Gammae cups

Gametophyte dominant

Hepaticophyta phylum

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Peat moss

Sphagnum

Gametophyte (haploid)

Bryophyta Phylum

Think of bogs

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True moss

Bryophyta phylum

Both sporophyte and gametophyte

Gemtophyte: green fuzz dominant

Sporophyte: yellow stalks

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Hornwort

Dark green is gametophyte

Light green is sporophyte with stalks

Anthoceraphyta phylum

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Fern

Dark green with soil is gametophyte

Light green is sporophyte

Monilophyta phylum

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Lycopodium

Club “moss”

Lycophyta

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Slaginellz

Diploid sporophyte

Spike “moss”

Lycophyta

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Isoetes

Quillwort

Lycophyta phylum

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Psilotum nudum

Diploid sporophyte

Whisk “fern”

Monilophyta

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Equisetem

Diploid sporophyte

“Scouring rush” or horsetail

Monilophyta phylum

Rhizobium

Proteobacteria that forms root nodules in legumes, fixes atmospheric N2

Proteobacteria

Gram-negative; various nutrition types

Some are anaerobic, others aerobic

Nitrosomonas

Proteobacteria converts NH4+ to NO2–

Legionella, Salmonella & Vibrio cholerae

Proteobacteria Pathogens

Escherichia coli

Proteobacteria lives in the intestines of many mammals &

is not normally pathogenic

Campylobacter

Proteobacteria causes blood poisoning

Helicobacter pylori

Proteobacteria causes stomach ulcers

Chlamydias

Parasites that live within animal cells STD

Chlamydia trachomatis

STD that causes blindness & nongonococcal urethritis

Spirochetes

Helical heterotrophs Some are parasites

Treponema pallidum

Spirochete that causes Syphilis

Borrelia burgdorferi

Spirochete that causes Lyme disease

Actinomycetes

Gram +, decompose soil

Bacillus anthracis

Gram +, cause of anthrax

Clostridium botulinum

Gram +, cause of botulism

Staphylococcus & Streptococcus

Gram +, some can be pathogenic

Mycoplasms

Gram +, smallest known cells

Methanogens

ive in swamps & marshes, Produce methane as a waste product, Are strict anaerobes & are poisoned by O2

Trypanosoma

cause sleeping sickness in humans, protist, Excavata

Golden algae

SAR, Golden color results from their yellow & brown

carotenoid pigments, All are photosynthetic, & some are mixotrophs, Most are unicellular, but some are colonial

Brown Algae

SAR, Largest & most complex algae, All are multicellular & most are marine, Many species commonly called “seaweeds”, Kelps can be massive, live in deep parts of the ocean, Have analogous, plantlike structures:

Paulinella chromatophora

SAR, autotroph with a unique photosynthetic structure called a chromatophore, Evolved from a different cyanobacterium than he plastids of other photosynthetic Eukaryotes!

Red Algae

Archaeplastida, Reddish color due to Phycoerythrin, an accessory

pigment that masks the green of Chlorophyll

Usually multicellular; the largest are seaweeds

Most abundant large algae in tropical coastal

waters

Ulva

“sea lettuce”; multi-celled chlorophyte, Archaeplastida

Caulerpa

all 1 cell with many nuclei, chlorophyte, archaeplastida

Slime Molds

Amoebozoan Unikonts, once thought to be fungi

Plasmodial Slime Molds

Ameobazoan unikonts

 Usually bright yellow or orange

 Not multicellular; Plasmodium is a mass undivided by

plasma membranes that contains many diploid nuclei

 Extends pseudopodia through decomposing material,

engulfing food by phagocytosis

Cellular Slime Molds

Ameobazoan unikonts

Multicellular aggregates; cells separated by membranes

 Cells in the aggregate each feed individually

Entamoeba histolytica

Type of entamoeba ameobazoan unikont, causes amoebic

dysentery, the third-

leading cause of human

death due to Eukaryotic

parasites

Naegleria fowleri

Type of tubulind free living amoeba causes

human brain infection,

usually leading to death when enter nose

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Red algae, archaeplastida

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Slime mold, Unikonta

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Brown and golden algae, SAR

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Red algae, archaeplastida