LC BIOLOGY- ENDORINE SYSTEM

define hormone

chemical messengers produced in ductless glands, carried in the blood for use in another part of the body

define endocine glands

ductless glands that produce hormones

examples of endocine glands

pituitary gland (growth hormone)

example of exocine gland

salivary glands (saliva)

exocrine glands

have ducts leaving them that carry their products

3 points each (nervous system vs endocrine system)

electrochemical message vs chemical message
short-term effect vs long term effect
carried in nerve cells vs carried in blood

for any named human (male or female) hormone give a symptom of its deficiency

thyroxine deficiency
symptoms: tiredness, lack of energy slow mental and physical energy (collectively called myxoedema)
thyroxine tablets

label and name the endocrine system

hypothalamus pituitary gland parathyroid glands thyroid glands adrenal gland islet of langerhans (in the pancreas) ovary testis

Hypothalamus

In the brain above pituitary gland, ADH, Osmoregulation; Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), Controls the level of TSH

Pituitary

Just under the brain, Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), Controls the level of thyroxine; Growth hormone, Stimulates growth

Parathyroids

Behind the thyroid, Parathyroid hormone, Controls the release of calcium from bone

Thyroid

Neck, Thyroxine, Controls metabolic rate

Thymus

Under the breastbone, Thymosine, Development of lymphocytes

Adrenal

Above the kidney, Adrenaline, 'Flight or fight' response increases the heart rate and cell metabolism

Pancreas (islets of Langerhans)

Under the stomach, Insulin, Controls sugar level in blood (both endocrine and exocrine gland)

collective name for gametes)

ogonad

Ovaries (female)

Lower abdomen, Oestrogen + progesterone, Control sexual development

Testes (male)

Scrotum, Testosterone, Control sexual development

hormone supplement 1: name of deficiency and cause and treatment

underproduction of hormones: low level of growth hormone will produce a pituitary dwarf
treatment: growth hormone is given by injection to the child

hormone supplement 2: name of deficiency and cause and treatment

overproduction of hormones: overactive pituitary will produce a pituitary giant
treatment: surgically removing the tumour

feedback

occurs when the level of hormone in the blood controls the production of another hormone or the production of its self

negative feedback

occurs when an increasing level of a hormone in the blood stops production of itself

feedback mechanism of insulin

If the level of glucose rises, the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas release insulin.

2 As insulin levels rise in the blood, the liver takes in glucose and stores it as glycogen. The body cells take up more glucose.

3 The glucose level in your blood falls and less insulin is released.

4 If the blood glucose level falls, then the islets of Langerhans release glucagon.

5 The rise in glucagon causes your liver to break down glycogen and release glucose.

6 The glucose level in your blood now rises and the production and release of glucagon falls.