E3 L18 - peripheral CV, systemic arterial pressure, and resp intro

What is MAP

force that drives flow through the vasculature and provides life

MAP is high enough to

drive blood through tissues

MAP is low enough to

minimize the work of the heart and prevent rupture

MAP equasion with DP and PP

MAP = DP + 1/3 PP

MAP equasion with CO and TPR

MAP = CO x TPR

Cardiac output is

HR x SV

2 stretch sensitive neurons

Carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptors

Afferent cranial nerves controlling MAP

9th and 10th

Baroreceptors are responsible for

inhibiting symp and stimulating para

Baroreceptors

stretch sensitive neurons in vessel walls

Afferent AP in baroreceptors are ____ to MAP

proportional

Three subsets of neurons in medulla oblongata

CI, CA, VM

CI

Release ACh onto M-ACh R, decrease HR

CA on HR

CA releases NE onto B1, increases HR

CA on SV

CA releases NE onto B1, increases SV

VM on SV

Release NE onto A1, decrease radius

VM on TPR

Release NE onto A1, decrease radius

Increase of NE causes

constriction, increase of TPR

Decrease of NE causes

dilation, decrease TPR

What changes during a hemorrhage

Decrease SV, CO, MAP

What does not change during a hemorrhage

HR, TPR

How does the body alter itself during a hemorrhage

Decrease para to heart, increase symp to heart veins and arterioles, increase HR

Baroreceptors regulate BP in short term, why?

receptors reset their set point after extended periods of time to make that high MAP their new homeostatic value for maintenance

How does the body regulate the BV in the long term

Increase of MAP decreases release of AG II, aldosterone, and ADH which increase UO, decreases BV

What can override input from baroreceptors

Decreased O2 or blood flow to the brain, increased CO2

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

detect O2 and Co2 that are located near baroreceptors

What is another term(s) for peripheral chemoreceptors

aortic or corotid bodies

superficial pain in the skin

Increase MAP

Psychological stress

Increase MAP

Physical activity

Increase MAP

Consuming nutrients

Increase MAP

Weight gain

Increase MAP

Deep bone or visceral pain

Decrease MAP

Sleeping and happiness

Decrease MAP

Cushing's phenomenon

usually caused by head trauma, increased pressure in the brain restricts BF in turn chemoreceptors tries to increase BF with VM but exasturbates the issue

ACE

converts A1 to A2 (active form) that is a vasoconstrictor

Ciliary mucous escalator

cilia flow upwards

Goblet cells

secrete mucus

Conducting zone

Trach through terminal bronchioles

Respiratory zone

Resp bronchioles to alveolar sacs

Dead space

conducting zone

Type 1 alveolar cells

flat, single cell, majority of alveolar walls

Type 2 alveolar cells

secrete surfactant

Surfactant

prevents the collapse of alveoli

5 layers that gas has to cross

T, basement, interstitum, basement, endothelium

Pleural sac

interpleural fluid

parietal pleura

outer

visceral pleura

inner

Stimulation of a1 receptors in arterioles

Decrease SV