Digestion Quiz AI

What is the primary function of the hormone CCK in the regulation of digestion?

CCK is released from the duodenum in response to undigested fat and protein, triggering the release of digestive enzymes from pancreatic acinar cells and bile from the gallbladder

In the stomach of a non-ruminant, what is the role of HCl secreted by parietal cells?

The low pH created by HCl unfolds protein structures (denatures) and cleaves the inactive zymogen pepsinogen into active pepsin

What is the key advantage a foregut fermenter (cow) has over a hindgut fermenter (horse)?

• They can absorb and utilize amino acids from microbial protein

• Because fermentation occurs before the small intestine, the microbes themselves are digested, providing a high-quality protein source to the animal

What process is responsible for activating the pancreatic zymogen Trypsinogen into its active form, trypsin, within the small intestine?

Enterokinase, located on the brush boarder of intestinal cells, specifically cleaves Trypsinogen to form trypsin, which then activates other pancreatic zymogens

What is the primary propulsive motility pattern that moves a bolus of digesta down the GIT?

Peristalsis: This involves a coordination contraction of circular muscle behind the bolus and relaxation in the front, effectively pushing contents forward

What is the function of bile salts in fat digestion?

They are amphipathic molecules that emulsify large fat droplets into smaller micelles. This increases surface area for lipase to act upon.

What happens to dietary protein that enters the rumen of a cow?

• It is broken down by microbial enzymes into ammonia and carbon backbones, which are then used by microbes to synthesize their own protein

• Rumen degradable protein is first deconstructed by microbes and then reassembled into microbial protein, which is later digested by the cow

What are the two major functions of the GIT?

Digestion of consumed feed and absorption of resulting nutrients

Enzymatic digestion uses enzymes produced by the _____.

Animal

Microbial digestion uses enzymes produced by ______ resisting within in the GIT.

Microbes

What are the four stomach compartments of a ruminant mammal in order?

Rumen>Reticulum>Omasum>Abomasum

The foregut is the region of the GI tract with the _____ degree of difference between species.

Greatest

What are the 3 major categories of dietary macronutrients?

Carbohydrates, fat (lipids), and protein

Triglycerides are enzymatically digested into what two components for absorption?

Free fatty acids and monoglycerides

What are the two types of acinar cells in salivary glands? What do they produce?

Mucus acinar cells: Mucus

Serous acinar cells: Water, enzymes, and ions

What antibacterial enzyme is found in the salvia of many species but is absent in ruminants?

Lysozyme Is absent in ruminant saliva

What antibacterial enzyme is found in ruminant gastric secretions but not in other species?

Lysozyme is a gastric secretions in ruminants (abomasum)

What is the purpose of lysozyme secretion is the abomasum?

Lyses the microbe, releasing microbial protein into the lumen of the abomasum. Digestion of protein in ruminant will be similar to non-ruminant.