Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, Nervous System, and Sensory Systems Review

A collection of flashcards based on key concepts related to osmotic regulation, excretion, nervous system functions, and sensory systems.

What is the term used to collectively refer to the control of water and electrolyte concentrations?

Osmoregulation

Which organ(s) are most responsible for maintaining blood water, electrolyte balance, blood pH balance, filtration of the blood, and regulation of blood pressure?

Kidneys

What structures make up the urinary system?

Pair of kidneys, pair of ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

What are the layers/structures moving into the innermost portion of the kidney, in order?

Renal capsule → renal cortex → renal medulla → renal pyramids → renal papillae → minor calyces → major calyces → renal pelvis → ureter

What are the functional units of kidneys called and what do they consist of?

Nephrons; renal tubules & capillaries

What are the steps of urine formation in order?

Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Tubular secretion, Excretion

Where in nephrons does filtration of blood occur?

Bowman’s capsule

What are the tangles of capillaries inside Bowman’s capsules called?

Glomeruli

What is known as the system of capillaries surrounding the nephron tubules?

Peritubular capillaries

On what basis are materials and molecules in the blood filtered out?

Size

What is the fluid in nephron tubules known as after materials are removed from the bloodstream but before tubular secretion?

Filtrate

What is filtered out of the blood but moved back into the blood because it can be used by the body?

Glucose, amino acids, electrolytes, bicarbonate, water

What are not filtered out of the blood but are transported into the nephrons to increase blood pH?

Hydrogen ions (H+)