Cell cycle

How big is a RBC?

8-10 u

How big is bacteria?

1-2 u

How big is the mitochondria?

0.25 u

How small is a herpes virus?

200 nm

How small are proteins?

cant even see them

SIZE MATTERS: SMALLEST TO LARGEST? BACTERIA MITOCHONDRIA RBC VIRUS PROTEIN

proteins, virus, mitochondria, bacteria, rbc

What happens with hypertrophy and hyperplasia?

The scruture gets larger

What is hypertrophy?

increase in size

What is hyperplasia?

increase in number

What is negative feedback?

idk i need to study

What are the three types of azotemia?

pre-renal, renal, or post renal

A male goat is presented with stones in the urethral process. What type of azotemia can be caused by this?

Post renal

Why type of azotemia would be a result of a clamped renal artery?

Pre-renal

What type of renal disease is there something actually going on with the kidney?

renal

What is often the result of azotemia?

uremia

What is uremia?

the build up of toxic chemicals in the blood

What are the three types of cells based on regenerative capacity?

permanent, stable, and labile

What are examples of permanent cells?

neurons and myocardiocytes

What are examples of stable cells?

Hepatocytes and connective tissue

What are examples of labile cells?

Blood, epidermis, and GI epithelium

What are the phases of the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2, M, GO

What part of the cell cycle must re-enter the cell or undergo terminal differentiation?

GO

What is the quiescent or stable phase of the cell cycle?

GO

What is the longest phase of the cycle cycle?

G1

What is the job of G1?

prepare RNA

What check point in the cell cycle checks for DNA damage?

G1/S

What does the G1/S checkpoint do?

check for DNA damage

What is the most important checkpoint?

G1/S

What does the s phase do?

DNA synthesis

What part of the cell cycle examines DNA fidelity?

G2

How long is the G2 cycle in rapidly dividing cells (wound healing)?

short

What does the G2/M checkpoint look for?

good DNA

What are the phases of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

In which cell cycle does karyokinesis (Nucleus splitting) occur?

M

In which cell cycle does cytokinesis (cytoplasm splitting) occur?

M

What are the three stages of cell death?

necrosis, apoptosis, and autolysis

What type of cell death occurs in a living host and is an the result of a external insult?

necrosis

What type of cell death occurs in a living host, is mitochondrially controlled, and makes the cell commit suicide?

Apoptosis

What type of cell death occurs post-mortem?

autolysis

What type of cell death is often secondary to membrane damage?

apoptosis

What occurs during apoptosis?

Cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and phagocytosis