Sociology Chapter 5

Socialization

The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group/community. This process is how we learn how to behave in society, learning of culture, social norms, gender, religion, and educations

Agents of Socialization

Religion, Family, Peers, Work, Mass Media, School

Primary Socialization

Parents pass us gender socialization, culture, race, social class.

Cultural Capital

the cultural tools that are passed down from our parents that are beneficial to us like manners, knowledge and experience. They also teach social class socialization which is the norms of our social class. These teachings influence our behavior.

Feral Children

Children who have grown up isolated from human contact at a very young age. These children have been neglected which negatively impacts their cognitive abilities resulting in irreversible effects

Jean Itar & Victor

Attempt to civilize Victor, a feral child; first documented resocialization

Oksana Malaya

Girl who was isolated and raised by a dog.

Harry Harlow research with rhesus monkeys

Demonstrated the critical importance of maternal affection and contact comfort in infant development.

Winthrop Kellogg & Gua & Donald

the child started to adopt behavioral traits from the chimpanzee and so did the chimpanzee.

True

Nurture sociology is more important for socialization and human development rather than Nature Biology.

The Looking Glass Self

Created by Charles H. Cooley and it is people’s self understand of who they are which is shaped by how other’s view them.

George Herbert Mead’s Development of the Self

Children develop their sense of “self” through role playing

Development of the self stages

1. Preparatory/Imitation stage when children learn through imitation of “significant others”

2. Play Stage I when children play by taking on roles of “generalized others”.

3. Games stage is when children understand multiple roles and understand complex games. At the Game stage, children can imagine how other’s see them and are able to shape their sense of “self”.

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive (Brain) Development Stages

1. Sensorimotor Stage (0-2yrs) when the brain functions are limited to their 5 senses, and they are egocentric.

2. Preoperational Stage (2-7yrs) is when they have the ability to recognize symbols like being able to read, speak and understand mathematical foundations, still egocentric.

3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11yrs) when they have the ability for inductive reasoning meaning they an draw conclusions and make assumptions.

4. The last stage is Formal Operational Stage (12+yrs) when they are able to comprehend abstract concepts like Justice or Racism or hypothetical events like what if scenarios.

L. Kohlberg Theory of Morality Development Stages

1. Amoral when the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs to be satisfied is the Amoral stage.

2. Preconventional stage when they can learn rules to avoid punishment and gain rewards (4 to 10yrs).

3. Third stage is Conventional stage when they start to learn norms and values that society expects. Try to fit in (10-13yrs).

4. The last stage is Postconventional stage when they’re able to reflect on morality; develop personal integrity; some people never attain this.

Carol Gilligan

Added on to L. Kohlberg by arguing that he only focused on the white male perspective and she argued that girls’ morality revolved around responsibility and compassion because girls are Socialized differently.

Anticipatory Socialization

Preparing to transition into future life role.

Resocialization

Removing old behaviors and gaining new ones to adjust to a new situation. Usually occurs in total institutions, a closed social system where the individual is isolated in a controlled environment.

Degradation Ceremony

process where symbolically the old identity is given up in place of a new identity. (replacing identity)