AP Laws/Economics

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RA 7581 - Price Act

Protects consumers by stabilizing prices of basic necessities and prime commodities during emergencies. Prevents unreasonable price increases.

Purpose of RA 7581

Prevents sudden price increases during calamities; allows government agencies (DTI, DOE, DA) to impose price control, price freeze, and penalize profiteering and hoarding.

Key Concepts of RA 7581

Basic necessities, prime commodities, price control, price freeze, profiteering, hoarding, cartels.

RA 71 - Price Tag Law

Requires all retail goods to have clear price tags or labels.

Purpose of RA 71

Ensures all retail products have visible price tags and prohibits price discrimination.

Violations under RA 71

No price tag; misleading or incorrect price tag.

Penalty under RA 71

Fine and possible imprisonment.

RA 3746

Special franchise law granting Demetrio Uyvico authority to establish and operate radio broadcasting stations.

Importance of RA 3746

Example of a special law that Congress may amend or repeal when necessary for public interest.

Presidential Decree No. 4

Develops the rice and corn industry and created the National Grains Authority (basis of the NFA).

Purpose of PD No. 4

Improves production, milling, storage, and distribution of rice and corn while stabilizing supply and prices.

Institution Created by PD No. 4

National Grains Authority (NGA).

RA 7394 - Consumer Act of the Philippines

The primary consumer protection law in the Philippines.

Purpose of RA 7394

Protects consumers from unsafe products, deceptive sales acts, misleading advertisements, and unfair business practices.

Major Areas of RA 7394

Product and service safety; deceptive and unfair sales acts; warranties; labeling and packaging requirements.

Consumer Remedies under RA 7394

Repair, replacement, refund, and damages.

Related Civil Code Articles to RA 7394

Article 1546 (Express Warranty) and Article 2187 (Product Liability).

Article 1546 - Express Warranty

Any affirmation of fact or promise by the seller becomes an express warranty if it influences the buyer's purchase.

When is there an Express Warranty?

When the seller's statement encourages the buyer to purchase and the buyer relies on it.

What is NOT an Express Warranty?

Mere opinion or sales talk (puffing), unless given by an expert and relied upon by the buyer.

Purpose of Article 1546

Basis for breach of warranty and misrepresentation cases.

Article 188 - Revised Penal Code

Penalizes fraudulent use or substitution of trademarks, trade names, and service marks.

Acts Punished under Article 188

Fraudulent use or substitution of trademarks; selling goods with fake trademarks; unauthorized use of service marks; assisting in fraudulent printing or publishing.

Importance of Article 188

Provides criminal liability for trademark infringement and fraud.

RA 6675 - Generics Act of 1988

Promotes the use of generic names for medicines.

Purpose of RA 6675

Makes medicines more affordable and accessible while encouraging informed consumer choice.

Section 6 of RA 6675

Government health agencies and personnel must use generic names in prescribing, dispensing, administering, and purchasing medicines.

Article 2187 - Product Liability

Holds manufacturers liable for injuries or death caused by harmful food, drinks, toilet articles, and similar products.

Who is Liable under Article 2187?

Manufacturers and processors of harmful products.

Is Privity of Contract Required under Article 2187?

No. Manufacturers may be liable even without a direct contract with the consumer.

Products Covered by Article 2187

Food, beverages, cosmetics, toilet articles, and similar products.

Related Laws to Article 2187

RA 7394 (Consumer Act) and Article 1546 (Express Warranty).