2.B Cell structure

Biology Edexcel IGCSE

What sub cellular structures are found in both animal cells and plant cells?

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria

• Cytoplasm

• Cell membrane

• Ribosomes

What sub cellular structures are only found in plant cells (not animal cells)?

• Cell wall

• Vacuole

• Chloroplasts

Function of a nucleus

• Contains chromosomes which contain the cell’s genetic material, which codes for a particular protein

• Enclosed in a nuclear membrane

Function of the ribosomes

• Responsible for synthesising (making) proteins

• Found on a structure called the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Function of the cytoplasm

• Jelly like substance where chemical reactions occur

• Contains enzymes

• Organelles are found in it

Function of the cell membrane

• Contains receptor molecules to identify and selectively control what enters and leaves the cell

• Selectively permeable (meaning it can control substances moving in and out of the cell)

• Separates the interior of the cell from the environment outside

Function of mitochondria

• Site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells

• This provides energy for the cell

Common types of animal cells

• Skin cells

• Muscle cells

• Nerve cells

• Fat cells

Function of chloroplasts

• Site of photosynthesis which provides food for the plant

• Contain chlorophyll pigment (which makes it green) which harvests the light needed for photosynthesis

Function of the vacuole

• Contains cell sap (a mix of sugars, salt and water)

• Found within the cytoplasm and enclosed in a membrane

• Improves cell’s rigidity

• Can make up as much as 90% of a plant cell’s volume

Function of a cell wall

• Surrounds the cell and is made up of cellulose

• Increases the structural strength of the cell

What are cells?

Smallest unit of life that can replicate independently

What sub cellular structures does bacteria contain?

• Cell membrane

• Cytoplasm

• Cell wall

• Ribosome

• DNA loop

• Plasmid

• Capsule

• Flagellum

What sub cellular structures does bacteria not contain?

• A nucleus

• Mitochondria

See more info about bacteria cell in my year 9 flashcards in topic 1 folder