Finnish Grammar: KPT-vaihtelu (Consonant Gradation)

Vocabulary and consonant gradation (KPT) rules for different Finnish verb types and grade changes.

Vahva

Strong grade in Finnish consonant gradation.

Heikko

Weak grade in Finnish consonant gradation.

Perusmuoto

The basic form of a word, such as Pankki, Kauppa, Katto, Joki, Halpa, Pöytä, Parta, Silta, Ranta, Helsinki, or Kampa.

Vahva grade: KK, PP, TT

Strong consonants that change to the weak (Heikko) grade K, P, T.

Vahva grade: K, P, T

Strong consonants that change to the weak (Heikko) grade -, V, D.

Vahva grade: RT, LT, NT

Strong consonants that change to the weak (Heikko) grade RR, LL, NN.

Vahva grade: NK, MP

Strong consonants that change to the weak (Heikko) grade NG, MM.

Verb-type 1

Follows the rule Vahva to Heikko for minä, sinä, me and te ONLY.

Verb-type 2

KPT almost never applies to this type, with the exceptions of the verbs nähdä and tehdä.

Verb-type 3

Follows the rule Heikko to Vahva.

Verb-type 4

Follows the rule Heikko to Vahva.

Verb-type 5

Consonant gradation (KPT) does not apply to this verb type.

Verb-type 6

Follows the rule Heikko to Vahva.