Fed Govt. Final Review Part 2

Grand Jury

A jury that decides if there is enough evidence in a case to go to trial

Appeal

When a group of judges review a case to make sure it was fair (NOT a new trial)

Prosecutor

A government lawyer that tries to convict defendants in a criminal case

Indictment

A formal decision by a grand jury to send a case to trial 22nd Amendment- Presidents may only run for two turns

25th Amendment

Outlines the process for handling presidential disability

Attorney General- Head of the Department of Justice and chief law enforcement officer for the United States

Chief of Staff

Head of the White House Staff and first advisor to the president

White House Press Secretary

Spokesperson for the president

Judicial Restraint

When the courts avoid raising constitutional issues during cases, or refuse to bring constitutional cases

Judicial Activism

When the courts broadly interpret the constitution to add provisions not previously recognized → usually to correct a perceived social injustice

Legislative veto

2/3 of both houses may overturn a presidential veto

Cloture

60 votes may end a filibuster in the Senate

Descriptive representation- When representatives in an elected institution resemble the demographic population they represent

Substantive representation

When elected officials actually attempt to enact their campaign promises

Delegate representation

When elected officials mirror their constituent demands as much as possible

Trustee representation

When elected officials use their own judgement in deciding what's best for their constituents

Amicus Briefs

When an interested third party wants to petition the court in a case

District Courts

Courts of original jurisdiction for federal cases