Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Large & diverse group of G + bacilli

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Aerobic, branched, & beaded – the branched filaments that extend along the agar are called substrate hyphae & into the agar are aerial hyphae

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Aerobic, branched, & beaded – the branched filaments that extend along the agar are called substrate hyphae & into the agar are aerial hyphae

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Aerobic, branched, & beaded – the branched filaments that extend along the agar are called - hyphae & into the agar are - hyphae

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Are found in the soil & organic material

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Some can grow at 50 °C

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Some can degrade AMYL ALCOHOL, PARAFFIN, & RUBBER

Culture of Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Cells elongate to form branching, filamentous forms

Culture of Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Cells elongate to form -, - forms

Culture of Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Some organisms form filaments or hyphae on the agar surface or into the agar

Culture of Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes

- Some organisms form - or - on the agar surface or into the agar

1. Nocardia spp

   1. Nocardia asteroids complex

   2. Nocardia brasilinesis

   3. Nocardia farcinica

   4. Nocardia nova

2. Rhodococcus equi

3. Gordonia spp.

4. Tsukamurella spp.

5. Streptomycess spp.

6. Actinomadura spp.

Aerobic Actinomyces / Branching Actinomycetes spp are

Nocardia spp.

- Are AEROBIC, G+ bacilli with long, thin, beaded, branching filaments that occasionally fragment into rod-shaped & short coccoid forms during aging

Nocardia spp.

- It grows on nonselective media used to recover fungi

Nocardia spp.

- There is a presence of MESODIAMINOPIMELIC ACID (DAP), & the sugars ARABINOSE & GALACTOSE in their cell wall peptidoglycan.

T

Nocardia spp. are PARTIALLY ACID FAST (t/f)

F

Nocardia spp. are STRICTLY AEROBE

Nocardia spp. are STRICTLY ANAEROBE (t/f)

T

Nocardia spp. are CATALASE + (t/f)

• Nocardia asteroides

• Nocardia brasilinesis

• Nocardia farcinica

• Nocardia nova

Nocardia species are

RESISTANCE TO LYSOZYME

Differential test of Nocardia spp. (t/f)

Susceptible to Lysozyme

Nocardia asteroides complex

- Are responsible for 80-90% of human infection

Nocardia asteroides complex

- Are facultatively intracellular parasites – resistant to intracellular killing & cause tropism for neuronal tissue

Nocardia asteroides complex

- They have the ability to inhibit phagosome – lysosome fusion

Nocardia asteroides complex

- They produce large amounts of catalase & hemolysin

Nocardia cyriageorgica

Nocardia brasilinesis

Nocardia otitidis cavarium

COB

- Infection is acquired through INHALATION

Nocardia cyriageorgica

Nocardia brasilinesis

Nocardia otitidis cavarium

COB

- It can cause INVASIVE PULMONARY INFECTION

Nocardia asteroides

Nocardia brasiliensis

AB

MAJOR CAUSE of SKIN INFECTION

• Actinomycetoma / Madura’s Foot

• Lymphocutaneous Infection

• Pulmonary Diseases – CONFLUENT BRONCHOPNEUMONIA; sputum is thick & purulent; NO ENCAPSULATION OF THE ABSCESS & SULFUR GRANULES

Types of Skin Infection of Nocardia asteroides

Actinomycetes / Madura’s foot

chronic, localized, painless subcutaneous infection; presence of SULFUR GRANULES

CONFLUENT BRONCHOPNEUMONIA

Pulmonary Diseases of Nocardia asteroides

Confluent Bronchopneumonia

sputum is thick & purulent

F

CONFLUENT BRONCHOPNEUMONIA HAS NO ENCAPSULATION OF THE ABSCESS & SULFUR GRANULES

CONFLUENT BRONCHOPNEUMONIA HAS ENCAPSULATION OF THE ABSCESS & SULFUR GRANULES (t/f)

T

Rhodococcus, Gordonia & Tsukamurella is G +, Catalase +, branching, filamentous bacteria that can fragment into rods & cocci (t/f)

Rhodococcus, Gordonia & Tsukamurella

- They can be isolated from soil, fresh, marine water, & organic matter

T

Rhodococcus, Gordonia & Tsukamurella is primarily acquired by inhalation (t/f)

Rhodococcus, Gordonia & Tsukamurella

- They can grow on most of the nonselective beaded, branching filaments that occasionally fragment into rod-shaped & short coccoid forms during aging

Rhodococcus, Gordonia & Tsukamurella

- It grows on nonselective media used to recover media for bacterial, mycobacterial, & fungi isolation

• Skin Infections

• Pneumonia

• Peritonitis

• Catheter-Associated Sepsis

SPPC

Types ok Skin Infections of Rhodococcus, Gordonia & Tsukamurella

Rhodococcus equi

- Found in soil & causes respiratory tract infection in animals

Rhodococcus equi

- It is PARTIALLY ACID FAST – has mycolic acid with LONGER carbon chains

Rhodococcus equi

- It can persist & replicate within MACROPHAGES

Rhodococcus equi

- It can infect IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PX (HIV)

Rhodococcus equi

- Causing SLOWLY PROGRESSIVE GRANULOMATOUS PNEUMONIA

1. Coccobacilli in “zigzag” pattern

2. Diphtheroid G + rods

Microscopy of Rhodococcus equi

SUSCPETIBLE TO LYSOZYME

Differential test of Rhodococcus equi

SUSCPETIBLE TO LYSOZYME

Differential test of Rhodococcus equi

SUSCPETIBLE TO LYSOZYME

Differential test of Gordonia spp.

• Smooth

• Slimy colonies

• Glossy to irregular edges

microscopy of Gordonia spp.

F

Gordonia spp. is G + to gram variable

Gordonia spp. is G – to gram variable (t/f)

T

Gordonia spp. is Partially acid-fast (t/f)

T

Gordonia spp. is NON-MOTILE (t/f)

Gordonia spp. has an absence of Mycelia

Gordonia spp. has a presence of Mycelia (t/f)

F

Gordonia spp. is Catalase +

Gordonia spp. is Catalase - (t/f)

Gordonia spp. is considered as “Nocarioform” – fragment into rods/cocci

Gordonia spp. is considered as “-” – fragment into rods/cocci

rods/cocci

Gordonia spp. is considered as “Nocarioform” – fragment into -

F

Tsukamurella spp. are G + long rods (t/f)

Tsukamurella spp. are G – long rods (t/f)

F

Tsukamurella spp. Fragments to 3 parts (t/f)

Tsukamurella spp. Fragments to 5 parts (t/f)

Tsukamurella spp. HAS NO AERIAL HYPHAE (t/f)

Tsukamurella spp. HAS AERIAL HYPHAE (t/f)

F

Tsukamurella spp. is Slightly acid-fast by Kinyoun staining method

Tsukamurella spp. is Partially acid-fast by Kinyoun staining method (t/f)

Kinyoun staining method

Tsukamurella spp. is Slightly acid-fast by -

Circular colonies with RHIZOID EDGES & white / orange pigment

Microscopy Tsukamurella spp.

Streptomycess spp.

Are found in soil & primarily saprophytes

Dry to chalky heaped colonies

Culture of Streptomycess spp.

have - heaped colonies

Gray-white colonies

Culture of Streptomycess spp.

color or the colonies

Have MUSTY BASEMENT ODOR

Culture of Streptomycess spp.

Have what kind of ODOR

T

Culture of Streptomycess spp.

• Hyphae are characterized by variable pigmentation (t/f)

Actinomadura spp.

- It causes wound infection for persons walking barefoot especially in tropical countries – MYCETOMAS

MYCETOMAS

Actinomadura spp. causes wound infection for persons walking barefoot especially in tropical countries –

Actinomadura spp.

- The microscopic & colony morphology are very similar to Nocardia spp.

Nocardia spp.

Actinomadura spp.’s microscopic & colony morphology are very similar to -

• Waxy

• Cerebriform

• Colored colonies with “MOLAR TOOTH” (routine agar)

Culture of Actinomadura spp.

• Actinomadura madurae

• Actinomadura pelletieri

Species of Actinomadura spp.

Nocardia

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: +

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : EXTENSIVE

Lysozyme : R

Rhodococcus

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: + / –

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : minimal

Lysozyme : V

Gordonia

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: + / –

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : minimal

Lysozyme : S

Tsukamurella

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: + / –

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : minimal

Lysozyme : R

Streptomyces

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: ––

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : EXTENSIVE

Lysozyme : S

Actinomadura

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: ––

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : Variable / Sparse

Lysozyme : S

Dermatophilus

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: ––

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : Branching

Lysozyme : S

Nocardiopsis

Differential Test on Gram + Branching Bacilli

PARTIALLY Acid Fast: ––

Appearance on Tap H2O Agar / Branching Aerial Hyphae : EXTENSIVE

Lysozyme : S