Chapter 2 Chemistry and Energy Vocabulary

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on Chapter 2 review concepts, covering atomic structure, chemical bonds, energy forms, and molecular formulas.

Conservation of Energy

The principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Atomic Number

A value indicating the total number of protons in an atom of a specific element.

Electrically Balanced Atom

The condition that exists when an atom has an equal number of protons and electrons.

Ions

Atoms or particles that have gained or lost one or more electrons.

Valence Electrons

The electrons located in the outermost energy shell of an atom, which determine its chemical behavior.

Octet Rule

The principle stating that, except for the first energy shell which is stable with $2$ electrons, atoms are stable with $8$ electrons in their valence shell.

Chemical Energy

An example of potential energy, which is stored or inactive energy.

$$H_2O$$

A chemical formula representing a molecule composed of $2$ hydrogen atoms and $1$ oxygen atom.

Salts

Chemical compounds such as $NaCl$ (table salt), $H_2SO_4$, and $MgSO_4$.

Ionic Bond

A type of bond in which atoms completely transfer electrons from one to another.

Radioactive Isotopes

Isotopes that can be used in medical science for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes.