BT2 - Structural Civil Works

Module 3 of BT2

Structural Drawing

a plan or set of plans and details for how a building or other structure will be built.

• are primarily concerned with the load-carrying members of a structure

General Notes

are part of structural drawings and they cover the codes used in design and the by-laws of the building. They provide information regarding general material properties (steel or wood grade, concrete strength, etc) or construction requirements (soil compaction, weld procedures, termination details, spot details, etc) as well as provide information about design criteria (gravity , seismic, and wind loading).

Structural Plans

show the foundation, floor, and roof plan of the building. These plans provide information like size and location of the structural elements present in the respective plans.

Foundation Plan

a top view of the footings or foundation walls, showing their area and their location by distances between centerlines and by distances from reference lines or boundary lines.

Isolated Footing

commonly used for shallow foundations around 1.2m – 2.0m in depth in order to carry and spread concentrated loads from the columns. One Footing is equal to one column independently

Cantilever Footing

a footing used to carry a load from two columns, with one column on one end of the footing placed against a building or property line or exterior wall. The column is placed off center of the footing to prevent encroachment on the adjacent property.

Combined Footing

a type of footing that supports two columns. They are often used when two columns are near to each other or when the bearing capacity of the soil is less requiring more area under the individual footing.

Simple Beam

a type of beam that is supported on both ends by a column.

Intermediate Beam

a type of beam that is supported on both ends by a simple beam

One-Way Slab

a slab which is supported by beams on the two opposite sides to carry the load along one direction

Two-Way Slab

a slab supported by beams on all the four sides and the loads are carried by the supports along with both directions, it is known as two way slab. In two way slab, the ratio of longer span (l) to shorter span (b) is less than 2.

Roof Framing Plan

shows the construction of the rafters used to span the building and support the roof. The size, spacing, roof slope, and all of the details are also shown in the plan. The roof framing plan is drawn in the same manner as the floor framing plan; rafters are shown in the same manner as joists.