POLGOV QUIZ EXAM 2ND QUARTER

CIVIL SOCIETY

IT DOES NOT SEEK TO GAIN FORMAL POWER OR OVERTHROW THE STATE, IT IS RULE ABIDING BECAUSE IT OPERATES BY A SET OF SHARED NOREMS AND IT ENCOMPASSES MASSES OF CITIZEN IN THE ENGAGED PUBLIC INTEREST.

SECTORS OF CIVIL SOCIETY

TRADITIONALLY LAND-BASED AGRO-EXPORTING OLIGARCHY, MASS MEDIA ENTERPRISES AND PRACTITIONERS, CHURCHES AND PEOPLE’S ORGANIZATIONS AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.

1987 CONSTITUTION

PROMOTES ROLE AND RIGHTS OF NGOS AND POS THROUGH ITS INSTITUTIONALIZATION IN PHILIPPINE DEVELOPMENT

ARTICLE II, SECTION 23

THE STATE SHALL ENCOURAGE NON-GOVERNMENTAL, COMMUNITY BASED, OR SECTRORAL ORGNIZATIONS THAT PROMOTE NATION’S WELFARE.

ARTICLE XIII, SECTION 15

THE STATE SHALL RESPECT THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENTT POS TO ENABLE AND TPROTECT WITHIN THE DEMOCRATIC FRAMEWORK.

ARTICLE XIII, SECTION 16

THE PEOPLE AND THEIR ORGANIZATIONS’ RIGHT TO EFFECTIVE AND REASONABLE PRATICIPATION AT ALL LEVELS OF SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC DECISION-MAKING SHALL NOT BE ABRIDGED

POLITICAL PARTIES

BROADLY, INCLUDES ALL THE NUMEROUS POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS THAT CALL THEMSELVES BY THE NAME, POLITICAL PARTY.

IN A RESTRICTED VIEW, IT REFERS ONLY TO THOSE ORGANIZATIONS THAT CONTEST IN FREE ELECTIONS, OR THOSE WHO CAN WIN ELECTIONS OVER TIME.

POLITICAL PARTY

THIS PARTY SEEKS TO CONTROL THE GOVERNING APPARATUS BY WINNING OFFICE IN AN ELECTION AND INFLUENCING GHE GOVERNMENT’S POLITICAL AND POLICY AGENDA THROUGH THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS.

R.A 7941

ALSO KNOWN AS “PARTY-LIST SYSTEM ACT”.

PRIMARY GOALS

THE CONQUEST OF POWER OR A SHARE IN THE EXERCISE OF POWER IS DONE BY PLACING THEIR AVOWED REPS IN GOVT. POSITIONS THRU ELECTIONS.

FACTORS OF WEAKLY INST. PARTY SYSTEM

ELITE DOMINANCE BOTH THE AT THE NATIONAL AND LOCAL .., RESILIENCE OF POLITICAL DYNASTIES, LACK OF RELIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SOURCES OF PARTY FUNDING

ELECTION

IT IS A DEVICE FOR FILLING AN OFFICE

ELECTORAL SYSTEM

THE SET OF RULES AND PROCEDURES THAT GOVERNS THE CONDUCT OF ELECTIONS.

MAJORITY VOTING

TYPE OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM WHERE IN A SEAT WAS AWARDED TO INDVIDUAL CANDIDATES WHO RECEIVE THE MAJORITY VOTE

PLURALITY VOTING

A TYPE OFbELECTORAL SYSTEM ALSO KNOWNAS “FIRST PAST THEPOST” OR “WINNER TAKES IT ALL” A SEAT IS AWARDED TO INDICIDUAL WHO RECEIVES THE MOST VOTES FOR MAJORITY

ABRAHAM LINCOLN QUOTE

THE BALLOT IS POWERFUL THAN A BULLET

PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION

A TYPE OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM WHERE IN AN INDIVIDUAL OR A PARTY IS AWARDED A NUMBER OF SEAT IN PROPORTION TO NUMBER OF VOTES IT RECEIVES

DECENTRALIZATION

THE TRANSFER OF AUTHORITY, RESPONSIBILITY, AND RESOURCES FROM THE CENTER TO THE LOWER LEVELS OF ADMINISTRATION. THIS CREATES AN ENVIRONTMENT OF EFFICIENCY, THIS WOULD BE ENOUGH FOR DEVELOPMENT TO OCCUR. IS BELIEVEDTO ENHANCE POLITICAL PARTICIPATION FOR AN EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE.

DECONCENTRATION

A FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION WHERE IN IT IS OFTEN CONSIDERED TO BE THE WEAKEST FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION. IT REDISTRIBUTES DECISION MAKINGG AUTHORITY AND FINANCIAL AND MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES AMONG DIFFERENT LEVELS OF THE GOVERNMENT.

DELEGATION

A FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION WHERE IN IT IS A MORE EXTENSIVE FORM, THRU DELEGATION CENTRAL GOVERNMENT TRANSFER RESPONSIBILITIES FOR DECISION-MAKING AND ADMINISTRATIONS NOT WHOLLY CONTROLLED BY THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, BUT ULTIMATELY ACCOUNTABLE TO IT.

DEVOLUTION

A FORM OF DECENTRALIZATION WHERE IN THEY TRANSFER AUTHORITY FOR DECISION-MAKING, FINANCE, AND MANAGEMENT TO QUASI-AUTONOMOUS UNITS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT. THE MAIN DECENTRALIZATION STRATEGY IN THE COUNTRY THAT MEANT THE TRANSFER OF POWERS TO LGUSTHAT WERE ELECTED IN 1987, O FISCAL IN NATURE.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS

IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE FOREFORENT OF GOVERNANCE.

ASIDE FROM PERFORMING THE TASK MANDATED BY THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, THEY HAVE TTO WORJ ON PECULIAR PROBLEMS FOUND WITHIN THEIR LOCALITY ONLY.

“IS GENERALLY CONCEIVED AS A POLITICAL MECHANISM FOR GOVERNANCE AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL” - DANIEL TONWE

“A POLITICAL SUBDIVISION OF A NATION OR STATE, WHICH IS CONSTITUTED BY LAW AND HAS SUBSTANTIAL CONTROL OF LOCAL AFFAIRS” - UN OFFICE FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

REQUIREMENTS

• STANDARD INCOME

• POPULATION

• LAND AREA

MANDATED BY THE LAW MUST MET AND MAINTAIN IN ORDER FOR THE CREATION AND CONVERSION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS TO HAPPEN.

NATIONAL/CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

IN THE FIRST TIER, IT OPERATES THROUGH A HUGE BUREAUCRACY OF AROUND 20 DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES.

ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS

IN THE FIRST TIER, IT IS DIVIDED INTO 18 REGIONS COMPOSED OF SEVERAL PROVINCES, WITH MOST DEPARTMENTS PF THE NATIONAL GOVERN,ENT MAINTAIN OFFICES IN EACH REGION.

PROVINCE

SECOND TIER: (FIRST LATER)= LARGEST LGU THAT HAS AN ELECTED GOVERNOR HEAADS, THE GOVERNOR ALSO HEADS THE PROVINCIAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY (SANGGUNIANG PANLALAWIGAN), AND THE ELCTED VICE-GOVERNOOR AND COUNCIL MEMBERS ASSIST.

CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES

SECOND TIER: (SECOND LAYER)= AN ELECTED MAYORR HEADS BOTH THAT ARE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO BARANGAYS.

BARANGAY

SECOND TIER:(THIRS LAYER)= BARANGAY SMALLEST LGU THE LEAST AUTONOMY, AN ELECTED BARANGAY CAPTAIN HEADS THE BARANGAY LEGISSLATIVE ASSEMBLY (SANGGUNIANG BARANGAY)

1ST PITFALL

IT MAY CREATE AUTHORITARIAN ENCLAVES

2ND PITFALL

PERMIT INTOLERANCE OF CERTAIN MINORITIES

3RD PITFALL

INTENSIFY GEOGRAPHICAL INEQUALITIES.

4TH PITFALL

FOSTER REDUNDANCY AND INEFFIECIENY

5TH PITFALL

STIMULATE ETHNIC AND NATIONALITY CONSCIOUSNESS.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE

R.A 7160 OF 1991 WAS THE GOVERNMENT’S POLICY FRAMEWORK AND AGENDA TO ADDRESS THE HUGHLY CENTRALIZED SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT OR DECADES-OLD PROBLEM OF AN OVERCENTRALIZED POLITICO ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM.

ACCOUNTABILITY

A KEY ELEMENT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE THST HELPS PUBLIC OFFICIALS FOR GOVERNMENT BEHAVIOR, RESPONSIVE TO THE ENTITY FROM WHICH THEIR AUTHORITY IS DERIVED

PARTICIPATION OF GROUPS

A KEY ELEMENT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE, IS IMPERATIVE IN ENSURING ACCOUNTSBILITY WHERE CITIZEN MUST BE INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS.

PREDICTABILITY

KEY ELEMENT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE WHERE IN TO DEMONSTRATE GOVERNMENT'S COMMITMENT TO ITS PROMISES

CITIZEN

• PERSON HAVING THE TITLENOF CITIZENSHIP

• - MEMBER PF DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITY WHO ENJOTS FULL CIVIC AND POLITOCAL RIGHTS AND IS ACCORDED PROTECTOON INSED AND OUTSIDE JE TERRITORY OF THE STATW

CITIZENSHIP

TERM DENOTING MEMBERSHIP OF A CITIZEN IN APOLOTICAL SOCIETY, WHICH MEMBERSHIP IMPLIES RECIPROCALLY, A DUTY OF ALLEGIANCE ON THE PART OF THE STATE.

FILIPINO VALUES

• PAKIKISAMA

• UTANG NA LOOB

POLITICAL CULTURE

REFERS TO A SET OF ATTITUDES, VALUES, BELIEFS AND ORIENTATIONS WHICH INFLUENCE A PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION OF POLITICS.

IT INFLUENCES WHAT INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS DO POLITICALLY AND SHAPES SOCIAL AND POLITICAL DECISION MAKING.

PAROCHIAL POLITICAL CULTURE

• DOMINATED BY PEOPLE WHO ARE CONNECTFD ALMOST ENTIRELY WITH THE LOCAL POLITICAL ISSUES.

• LIMITED KNOWLEDGE ABIUT NATIONAL POLITICAL SYSTEM AND LITTLE OR NO BELIEF THAT THEY CAN INFLUENCE GOVERNMENT DECISIONS.

SUBJECT POLITICAL CULTURE

• PEOPLE ARE SOMEWHAT INFORMED ABOUT THEIR POLITICAL SYSTEM AND AWARE OD HOW GOVERNMENT AFFECT THEIR LIVES.

• BUT THEIE LEVEL OF POLITICAL INVOLVEMNENT REMAINS TO BE LOW. EITHER THEY FEEL POWERLESS TO INFLUENCE POLICYMSKERS OR THET DO NOT KNOW HOW THEY CAN DO SO.

NATURALIZATION

ARTICLE 4, SECTION 1 SAYS THAT YOU ARE A FILIPINO CITIZEN IF :

• YOU ARE A CITIZEN OF THE PHILIPPINES AT THE TIME OF THE ADOPTION CONSTITUTION.

• THOSE BORN BEFORE JANUARY 17, 1973 OF FILIPINO MOTHERS.

JUS SANGUINIS

• BASIS OF CITIZENSHIP IS BLOOD RELATION

• THE CHILDREN FOLLOWS THE CITIZENSHIP OF HIS/HER PARENTS.

JUS SOLI

• THE BASIS OF CITIZENSHIP IS THE PLACE OF BIRTH

• A PERSON BECOMES A CITIZEN OF THE STATE REGARDLES OF CITIZENSHIP OF HIS/HER PARENTS.

SELF CENTERED

ROSENAU’S TYPE OF CITIZEN WHO IS INCLINED TO TREAT THEIR OWN NEEDS AS FAR MORE IMPORTANT THAN THOSE OF SOCIETY.

ALTRUISTIC CITIZEN

PLACE SOCIETY ‘S NEEDS WELL AHEAD OF THEIR OWN NEEDS WHO HAVE AN INCREMENTIAL ALPROACH TO SOCIETAL PROBLEMS.

IDEOLOGICAL CITIZENS:

PLACE SOCIETY’D NEEDS WELL AHEAD OF THEIR OWN NEEDS WHO ACT BASED ON A FLEXIBLE IMAGEBOF WHAT SOCIETAL LIFE OUGHT TO BE.

APATHETIC CITIZENS

SKEPTICAL OF POLITICS IN GENERAL OR WHAT THEY CAN DO AS CITIZENS AND GIVE LITTLE SIGNIFICANCE EITHER TO THEIR KWN SOCIETY’S NEEDS.

DEMOCRATIC CITIZENS

DEEPLYBINVESTED IN THE REALIZATION PF BOTH THEIR OWN AND SOCIETY’S NEEDS AND RECOGNIZE RHE PROCESSES AND GOALS OF THE LARGER COLLECTIVELY TO WHICH THEY BELONG.

GENERAL VIRTUES

COURSGEZ LAW-ABIDING, LOYALTY

SOCIAL VIRTUES

INDEPENDENCE, OPEN-MINDEDNENSS

ECONOMIC VIRTUES

WORK ETHIC, CAPACITY TO DWLAY SELF-GRATIFICATION, ADAPTABILITY TO ECONOMIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE

POLITICAL VIRTUES

CAPACITY TO DISCERN AND RESPECT THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS, WILLINGNESS TO DEMAND ONKY WHAT CAN BE PAID FOR, ABILITY TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE KF THOSE IN OFFICE AND WILLINGNESS TO ENGAGE IN PUBLIC DISCOURSE.