Lipids 6- Cholesterol & Steroids

Flashcards for quick review.

Atherosclerosis

Condition caused by the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

Triacylglycerols

Serve as a depot or reservoir of stored energy in animals, primarily in the adipose tissue (body fat).

One palmitoyl-CoA

Yields 106 ATP and 123 water molecules.

Fly antifreeze

Accumulations of acetyl triacylglycerols provide goldenrod gall flies freeze tolerance

Chylomicrons

Lipoprotein particles that incorporate fat and cholesterol from food and exit through the gut lining into the lymph, which transports them to the blood.

Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)

Produced by the liver to transport fat and cholesterol throughout the body.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)

Drops off cholesterol to body cells to stabilize membranes, and to glands to produce hormones.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Collects cholesterol from plaques.

Terpenes

A class of lipids formed from combinations of two or more molecules of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, better known as isoprene.

Monoterpene (C10)

Consists of two isoprene units.

Sesquiterpene (C15)

Consists of three isoprene units.

Diterpene (C20)

Has four isoprene units.

Triterpenes

C30 terpenes that include squalene and lanosterol, two of the precursors of cholesterol and other steroids.

Isoprenoid

Contains oxygen.

Isoprene

A hydrocarbon.

Polyprenols

Long-chain polyisoprenoid molecules with a terminal alcohol moiety.

they serve to anchor biological membrane

Dolichols

Consist of 16 to 22 isoprene units and, in the form of dolichyl phosphates.

Steroids

Terpene-based lipids based on a common structural motif of three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring all fused together.

Ketone Bodies

Reserve fuel for energy production in body specially for brain, can cross BBB.