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Hugh Capet
Came to power after Charlemagne’s heirs died out; founded the Capetian dynasty.
Philip Augustus
Notable leader who made France super powerful.
Louis IX
Instated a court of appeals, increasing his own power in France.
Philip IV
Leader who called the Estates-General in France.
Domesday Book
Census created by William the Conqueror for taxing people in England.
Henry II
Tried to limit church authority; married Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Magna Carta
Document created in 1215 to limit King John’s power and control finances.
Hanseatic League
Group of Baltic and Northern countries involved in trade, linked to the Mediterranean.
The Three Estates
The division of society in medieval times: those who pray, fight, and work.
St. Thomas Aquinas
Philosopher known for theological scholasticism and proving God exists.
Troubadours
Poets and entertainers who were promoted by Eleanor of Aquitaine.
Catholic and Muslim City-States
Fighting for power in the Iberian Peninsula.
Agricultural Developments
Advancements like water mills, plows, and new crops made in response to population growth.
Vinland
'Wine land', found by Leif Ericcson; known for Viking explorations.
Pope Urban II
Launched the first Crusade to reclaim Holy Lands.
Catalan influence
Experimented with more crops and agricultural innovation.
Christian Conversion
Scandinavians converted to Christianity as part of medieval expansion.
Cathedral schools
Institutions formed to provide education with a Latin curriculum.
St. Dominic and St. Francis
Founders of religious orders that worked against heresy and materialism.
Independent Cities
Cities that became centers of trade and power during the medieval period.
Note 
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