Fetal Development

• grief

• mood swings

• changes in sexual desire

• stress

• introversion/extroversion

Common responses of women during pregnancy

grief

may arise from the realization that one’s role would change permanently

mood swings

• “emotional instability;” psychological changes

• fluctuation between the positive and the negative feelings

1. hormonal (estrogen, progesterone) - uncontrollable laughing and crying; irritable

2. narcissism - rapid and oftenly exaggerated changes in mood

2 factors of mood swings

changes in sexual desire

because of discomfort (breast tenderness, nausea, fatigue)

estrogen

the “sexual libido”

2nd trimester

increase in sexual libido because of the increased flow to the pelvis

3rd trimester

sexual libido may increase or decrease due to increase in abdominal size (weightbearing)

stress

discomfort, change in role, bodily changes

introversion

focuses entirely on her own body; conscious'; lordotic

extroversion

• more active and healthier; outgoing

• wise in food preferences

• healthy thinker

• conscious on the clothes they wear, makeup if its organic

• 1st trimester: accepting the pregnancy

• 2nd trimester: accepting the baby

• 3rd trimester: preparing for parenthood

psychological task of pregnancy

1st trimester: accepting the pregnancy

one of the most common reactions of a couple who would be having a baby for the first time is ambivalence, or feeling both pleased and happy about the pregancy

ambivalence

may be corrected if there’s a positive nursing intervention during prenatal (e.g., health education)

2nd trimester: accepting the baby

emotion such as narcissism and introversion are common in this stage

3rd trimester: preparing for parenthood

the couple starts to grow impatient as birth nears

• ovum

• zygote

• embryo

• fetus

• conceptus

stages of fetal development

ovum

• from ovulation to fertilization

• mature egg

• developed withing 14 days during ovulation

• carries set of chromosomes contributed by female gametes

zygote

• from fertilization to implantation

• fertilized egg

• formed within 3-5 days

• union of female and male gametes

• developed in the fallopian tube

embryo

• from implantation to 5-8 weeks

• undergoes first mitotic division

• implantation is in uterus

fetus

• from 5-8 weeks until term

• first 2 months of pregnancy

conceptus

• developing embryo or fetus and placental structure throughout pregnancy

• 9th week of pregnancy; placental and skeletal structure

below 50 million spermatozoa

oligospermia (sperm count range)

Fertilization

• occurs in the third (ampullar portion) of the FT

• resulting structure: zygote

father

can only determine the gender of the child

hyaluronidase

released by the spermatozoa that dissolves the layer of cells protecting the ovum, facilitating the penetration of the spermatozoa

semenogram/spermogram

• detect sperm count; semenalysis

• can evaluate male fertility

implantation

• 3-4 days journey of the zygote to the uterus and mitotic cell division happens. floating freely in the uterus for the next 3-4 days, morula grows to become a blastocyst with trophoblast cells (forming placenta and membrane in later development)

• occurs at high and posterior portion of the uterus

decidua

endometrium is termed ______ on conception

implantation bleeding

results from capillary rupture on implantation

1st month

the greatest change of an embryo in terms of physical change and size takes place in the _____ after fertilization

3rd trimester

• fetus can be viable or can survive outside the uterus

• mother may experience false labor, irregular contraction, discomfort in abdomen

2nd trimester

50% fetus cannot live outside uterus

40th G/W

placental changes will occur in what week

prenatal visit

done every week until delivery

• swelling of face

• vaginal bleeding

• continuous or severe headache

• persistent vomiting

(a possible infection or a premature rupture of membrane)

danger signs of pregnancy