Chapter 4 pt 2 (4.5-4.8)

Endomembrane system

Series of intacellular membranes that compartmentalize the cell

Components of the endomembrane system

• Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth)

• Golgi apparatus

• Lysosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum

System of membrane channels & saccules

Rough ER

Giving capacity to produce proteins

Smooth ER

Helps produce more lipids

Golgi apparatus

Sorts molecules & packages them into vesicles

Lysosomes

Stores enzymes

Vacuoles

Storage

Peroxisomes

Produce hydrogen peroxide

Distinguish between vesicles & vacuoles

Vacuoles are larger

Cristae

Formed by folding the inner membrane of mitochondria

Mitochondria role in a cell

Powerhouse of the cell

Chloroplasts role in a cell

Uses solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates

How do we know mitochondria and chloroplasts were once bacteria

Seperate DNA than the kind found in the nucleus

Structure of mitochondria that supports endosymbiosis theory

• ribosomes

• Own DNA

• Surrounded by double membrane

Structure of chloroplast that supports endosymbiosis theory

• bounded by double membrane

• Inner membrane - folded

Actin Filaments

Traffic control

Microtubules

Pairing of a & b tubulin to form dimmers

Motor proteins

Transport membrane vesicles by moving along surface of cytoskeleton

Centrosome

Organizing center of cells

Centricles =

Animal cells

Cilia is shorter than what

Shorter than flagella

Intermediate filaments support what two things (some do this some do that)

• nuclear envelope

• Plasma membrane

Cytoskeleton

Transport

Difference between plant and animal cells

Plant cells : cell wall & cell membrane

Animal cells: only cell membrane