Key terms for MICRO-2050 final

Ulcers

microbes cause distinct open lesions. Genital Ulcer Disease: syphilis, chancroid, and genital herpes. Herpes is an incurable example of this category of disease

Hepatitis

infection of the liver

Hep A

the one you want to get, least virulent, acquired through fecal-oral route, vaccine treatment

Hep B

can cause life-threatening events but the threat is not as bad as Hep C. Enters the body through a break in the skin or mucous, or injection (sharing needles), there is a vaccine

Hep C

can be dormant in your body for years. More likely to become chronic but shares many characteristics as Hep B. Transmitted through blood, body fluids, vertical transmission. No vaccine present

ANUG

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. A combination of "necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis" (NUG) and "necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis" (NUP). Commonly referred to as "trench mouth", poor dental hygiene, Treponema vincentii, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium

Importance of normal Biota of the female reproductive tract during childbearing years

Lactobacillus being present has benefitted women because it discourages growth of many microorganisms. Lactobacillus also breaks down glycogen to give change in pH (acidic)

HPV vaccine

given to children around the age of 9, can only be preventative, once infected with HPV it is incurable

Sinusitis causes

allergies (most common), infections, or structural issues, Generally follows a common cold

Tubercles

a small rounded protuberance that is formed in tuberculosis. Frequently the centers of these break down into necrotic caseous lesions that gradually heal by calcification as normal lung tissue that are replaced by calcium deposits.

Helminths virulence factors

specialized mouthparts for attachment, enzymes that act as a protein in your body allows them to hide, cuticle or other covering

Diphtheria

Corynebacterium diaptheriae. Toxigenic disease caused by lysogenic phage. Pseudomembrane formed on tonsils and pharynx which consists of bacterial cells, fibrin, lymphocytes, and dead tissue cells

Chancre

ulcerated central crater at the site of entry of pathogen that has firm edges; filled with spirochetes; appears during primary stage of syphilis after incubation period of 9 days-3 months

Acute otitis media causes

ear infection caused by streptococcus pneumoniae (most common) and Haemophilus influenzae

Primary stage of syphilis

painless hard chancre after 9days-3months of incubation
Chancre filled with spirochetes
Lymph node in region enlarged
Heals 3-6 weeks later, but spirochete now in circulation

Secondary stage of syphilis

rash 3weeks-6months after chancre heals
Headache, hair loss, mild fever, malaise
Can have lymphadenopathy: infection of lymph nodes
In a few weeks disappears but major complications can linger

Tertiary stage of syphilis

latent up to 20 years
Antibodies present, but treponema not detected
Possible permanent damage: cardiovascular syphilis, gummas, neurosyphilis

Untreated Streptococcus pyogenes infections

severe consequences and secondary infections; scarlet fever; necrotizing fasciitis, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis (kidney damage)

Scarlet fever toxin

systemic toxin from bacteriophage (high fever, rash, 95% mortality in early 20th century)

Psuedomembrane

a mucous exudate containing cellular debris that tightly blankets the mucosal surface in infections such as diphtheria

Extrapulmonary TB

infection outside of the lungs. More common in immunosuppressed patients and young children

Legionellosis

Legionnarie's disease. This is found in water supplies, pond, tap, cooling towers, and is resistant to chlorine. Spread in aerosols and can live in amoebas. NOT from person to person

Deer mouse

reservoir for hantavirus

GI tract

tube that passes through the body (mouth to anus) that has accessory organs that digest food by adding enzymes. This is a delivery system for nutrients

Campylobacter

Most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in the U.S. frequent watery stools, fever, vomiting, headaches, and severe abdominal pain

Rice water stools

mucus appears like rice in the feces, Occurs in vibrio cholerae acute diarrhea

Norovirus

"norwalk-like viruses"; most common viral cause of food borne disease in the United States; primarily occurs in adults and can occur in epidemic outbreaks

Shiga toxin

causes intense inflammation of and damage to intestine; bleeding/ulceration; causes systemic effects

Cholera

produces cholera toxin (causes secretion of water/electrolytes into intestine), rice water stools

Clostridium difficile

antibiotic resistant endospore forming rod part of normal intestinal flora. Can cause acute diarrhea when broad spectrum antibiotics disrupt normal flora

Dental caries

the most common infectious disease; dissolving of tooth surface due to metabolic action of bacteria. Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus

Food intoxication

If symptoms violent and incubation short (1-6 hours). Can be caused by S. aureus (most common), Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens

Enterobius vermicularis

pinworm, most common worm disease of children in temperate zones

UTI

Urinary Tract Infection, can involve any portion of the urinary tract. Reduced urine flow or accidental introduction of bacteria into the bladder can result in cystitis (infection of the bladder)

Undesired affects of antibiotics

can disrupt the normal microbiota of the body, which can then lead to other infections occurring

Gonorrhea

neisseria gonorrhoeae, fimbriae and protease (inactivates IgA)

Prostatitis causes

GI tract bacteria