Orgo1 FunctionalGroups

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46 Terms

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Hydrocarbons

alkane,alkene, benzene, alkyne

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Alkane

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Alkene internal

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Alkene terminal

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Benzene

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Alkyne (internal)

alkyne = triple bond

the y looks like 3 strokes, triple bond…

<p>alkyne = triple bond</p><p>the y looks like 3 strokes, triple bond…</p>
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Alkyne terminal

our last hydrocarbon!

<p>our last hydrocarbon!</p>
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Alkyl Halide

  • X means F, Cl, Br, Iodine

  • halogen

  • Primary (bonded to one other carbon) secondary and teritiary

<ul><li><p>X means F, Cl, Br, Iodine </p></li><li><p>halogen</p></li><li><p>Primary (bonded to one other carbon) secondary and teritiary</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Alcohol

  • Carbon bonded to OH

  • primary, secondary and teritiary

<ul><li><p>Carbon bonded to OH</p></li><li><p>primary, secondary and teritiary</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Amine

RNH2, R2NH, R3N all represent amine (R representing carbon chain)

classified by direct carbon attachments nitrogen is making

primary secondary and teritiary

<p>RNH2, R2NH, R3N all represent amine (R representing carbon chain)</p><p>classified by direct carbon attachments nitrogen is making</p><p>primary secondary and teritiary</p><p></p>
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Oxygen containing functional groups

alcohols, ether, epoxide

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Ether

Oxyen directly bonded to 2 carbon chains

NEVER double bonded O (thats ester)

<p>Oxyen directly bonded to 2 carbon chains</p><p>NEVER double bonded O (thats ester)</p><p></p>
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Epoxide

oxygen directly bonded to 2 carbon chains

greater reactivity than ether

<p>oxygen directly bonded to 2 carbon chains</p><p>greater reactivity than ether</p>
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Nitrogen containing

amine, nitrile, quaternary ammonium salt

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Nitrile

carbon nitrogen triple bond

ex NaCN

or CH3CN

<p>carbon nitrogen triple bond</p><p>ex NaCN</p><p>or CH3CN</p>
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Quatenary ammonium salt

nitrogen atom bonded to 4 atoms giving nitrogen a pos formal charge

could interact with halogen

<p>nitrogen atom bonded to 4 atoms giving nitrogen a pos formal charge</p><p>could interact with halogen</p>
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Sulfur containing functional groups

Thio = sulfur containing (or mercapto)

thiol, thioether, thioester, disulfide, sulfonium salt

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Thiol

RSH

<p>RSH</p><p></p>
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thioether

sulfur directly bonded to carbon chains

<p>sulfur directly bonded to carbon chains</p>
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disulfide

2 sulfur bonded to each other

<p>2 sulfur bonded to each other</p><p></p>
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Thioester

sulfur attacched to alkyl group attached to carbonyl

<p>sulfur attacched to alkyl group attached to carbonyl</p><p></p>
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Sulfonium salt

sulfur making bonds with 3 carbons, sulfur has pos formal charge sulfur counterbalanced by negative halogen

<p>sulfur making bonds with 3 carbons, sulfur has pos formal charge sulfur counterbalanced by negative halogen</p>
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Carbonyl compounds

Carbonyl: carbon atom double bonded to oxygen atom

acyl chloride

acid anhydride

carboxylate

carboxylic acid

aldehyde

ketone

ester

amide

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Acyl Chloride

<p></p>
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Acid anhydride

oxygen bonded to 2 carbonyl groups

<p>oxygen bonded to 2 carbonyl groups</p>
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Carboxylic acid

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Aldehyde

like an acyl chloride, only there’s a hydrogen instead of chloride

<p>like an acyl chloride, only there’s a hydrogen instead of chloride</p>
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Ketone

Carbonyl carbon attached to 2 carbon groups

<p>Carbonyl carbon attached to 2 carbon groups</p>
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Ester

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Amide

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Aromatics (arenes)

cyclic, planar, every atom has sp2 hybridization state, 4n+2← # of pi electrons creating a pi cloud, when the pi cloud has a certain # of electrons it ends up being very stable

Benzene

Furan

Thiophene

Pyrrole

Phenol

Pyridine

Pyrimidine

Imidazole

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Benzene

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Furan

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Thiophene

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Pyrrole

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Phenol

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Pyridine

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Pyrimidine

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Imidazole

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