W4~ chapter 27: Soft - Tissue Injuries

The largest organ of the body is:

Skin

What is the function of skin?

acts a a formal protective barrier, the first line of defense against outside forces

Epidermis vs Dermis

Epidermis: the outermost waterproof barrier covering the body

Dermis: The home that houses blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands

What is the function of skin?

Body Temperature, Sensation, and Barrier

During Inflammation what happens to the cells?

The cells move to the damaged area for repair

What does Histamine do?

It dilates blood vessels, increasing blood flow, causing leaky capillary

What are Closed Injuries?

Injuries characterized by blunt trauma, pain, swelling and discoloration

What is Contusion?

Contusion is bruising from bleeding underneath the skin

What is Hematoma?

It is Blood collection from tissues/ body cavity damage

What is Crushing?

the force of pressure applied on the body

If force is applied for a prolonged 4 hours, what risks do we run into?

arterial compromise

What is Compartment?

Swelling and bleeding in an enclosed space

In Open Injuries what happens to the protective layer of the skin

It is Damaged

Abrasion, Laceration, Avulsion, and Penetrations are the 4 types of:

Open Soft Tissue Injuries

Abrasion vs Laceration vs Avulsion vs Penetration

Abrasion: A wound of the superficial layer of skin; damage to the dermis capillary

Laceration: A jagged cut of skin via tear tissue

Avulsion: The energy is separated layers of the tissue; don’t remove that flap

Penetration: when an object pierces the skin and affects the underlying tissue

The 4 types of Penetrating wounds are…

Amputation, Penetrating, Blast and Impaled

Amputation vs Penetration vs Blast vs Impaled

Amputation: A body part is severed beyond repair because of the damage

Penetration: An object pierces and creates an entrance wound

Blast: Force caused by direct or indirect impact of an explosion

Impaled: Penetrated into the skin yet the object remains in the skin

Amputation can lead to ____ shock

Hypovolemic

How to treat an Impaled Object

use occlusive dressing to hold it in place, be able to identify weapon, look at whole counts and document the findings as accurate as possible.

Should you use splints for Closed Injuries

Yes to control bleeding

Do Open or Closed wounds look more severe?

Open Wounds

Multiple System injuries need…

a rapid 50-60 second pat down assessment

A neurological(LOC, pupils) and musculoskeletal(DCAPBTLsexam should take place during the…

Secondary Assessment

How to know if something should be splinted?

If it is Painful, swollen or deformed

What are the rules to treating closed soft tissue injuries?

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation and Splinting

Mental Changes are an early indicator for ___

Shock

Which body parts need occlusive dressing for injuries?

Chest, Upper Abdomen, or Upper Back

Always assume open wounds are ____

contaminated so make sure to sterilize and use moisture rich dressing

What is Evisceration?

A wound where the organs portrude through

What shoukd you avoid when dealing with a patient handling Evisceration?

Don’t touch it and leave it sterile and moist, flex their knee and leg to alleviate the abdomen pressure

Under which exception can you remove an impaled object

If it is at the cheek or mouth/ obstruction of airway; until then you can only remove the object if it is way too long

What are the steps to stabilize an impaled object

What is air embolism?

when air in the lungs blocks flow; air bubble enters

What procedures to take with air embolism?

apply gentle pressure as to not block the carotid artery; apply cervical color carefully

When dealing with animal bites remember to…

assess scene safety, remember animals carry a lot of bacteria and splint injuries for comforting

What is Rabies?

A CNS infection, that must be assessed immediately to the ED

Do Human Bites contain bacteria?

Yes they contain a lot and runs very seriously

What is bite treatment

1. Apply a dry and sterile dressing

2. Promptly immobilize the area with a splint or bandage

3. Provide transport to the ED for surgical cleansing of the wound and antibiotic theraoy

What are 3 types of Burns?

Radiation, Thermal and Electric

In burns, what increases exposure?

How long the burn persists for and conciseness

What are complications of burns?

Damage to the skin, susceptibility to infection, hypothermia, volemia, and shock

What are the 3 classification of burns in adults?

Severe Burns, Moderate Burns, and Minor Burns

Severe vs Moderate vs Minor Burns

Describe the varying degrees of burns

Describe and write the 3 types of burns based on depth

Superficial vs Partial Thickness vs Full Thickness

Superficial: First Degree burns

Partial Thickness: Second Degree Burns

Full Thickness: Third Degree Burns

Rule of Palm vs Rule of 9

Rule of Palm: hand = 1%TBSA

Rule of 9: Body in segments equating to 9% TBSA

How should you use classify burns

with their source, depth and severity

With a burn patient what is your goal?

To stop the burning process

What are the steps to caring for a burn?

What are Thermal Burns?

Tissue Injury of external heat sources via electricty, chemicals, or radiation burns

What are the 5 types of Thermal Burns

Flame (fire), Scald (liquid), Contact (object), steam, flash (explosion)

How does our bodys defense system act against thermal burns

reflex protect prolonged contact with hot objects

What are Inhalation Burns?

Burns caused from enclosed places that have a lack of ventilation, this can this cause airway obstruction and URS inflammation

What are the treatment options for Inhalation Burns?

Respiratory Therapy, Mist, Aerosol, and Humidifiers

What are two common causations for inhalation burns?

Toxic Gases and Hydrogen Cyanide

Toxic Gases vs Hydrogen Cyanide?

Toxic Gases: O2 id displaced by CO2 on hemoglobin bc it is 250X more better

Hydrogen Cyanide: harder to diagnose

What are Chemical Burns?

Burns that are less likely wearing strong PPE, treatment is specific to the chemical. ; Don't use water on dry chemical powders

What are Electrical Burns?

direct voltage contacts (conductor vs insulator)

Why are humans good conductors?

Because we are majority water?

What must you be wary of when dealing with Electrical Burns?

You can get electrocuted via patient contact so do not assess the scene without safety; it can lead the patient of cardiac arrest don’t act until the scene is clear

2 electrode darts belong to…

Taser Injuries

What are the effects of Taser Injuries?

Excited Delirium then cause Dysrythymia that causes death

What are Radiation Burns

caused by Ionization or rays or particles

What are the 3 types of Radiation Burns?

Alpha: Can’t pass the skin barrier

Beta: passes the skin barrier

Gamma: Strongest based on wavelengths

Are radiation burns/ exposure contagious?

no

What are the universal dressings?

gauze, adhesive and soft self adhesive

Large Wounds deserve what type of dressing?

Thick and absorbent material; pad for rigid splints

Small Wounds deserve what types of dressing?

Gauze pads and adhesive dressings

Severe Wounds deserve what types of dressing?

Occlusive, Aluminum foil and plastic cover

What are bandages used for?

To secure dressing, gauze and adhesives

For adhesive allergies, what bandage should you use?

Paper or Plastic

Which bandage runs the risk of acting as a tourniquet?

Elastic bandages

__ ____ and ____ are used to stabilize extremities and control bleeding.

Air Splints and Vacuumn