Biology - Chapter 1.2 & 1.4

Anatomy beginning

Anatomical Position

Standing erect, with face forward, arms at the sides, and palms and toes directed forward

Anterior

A body part is located toward the front. Ex.) The windpipe is ____ to the esophagus

Appendicular Portion

Includes the limbs and bones that attach the appendicular skeleton to the axial skeleton

Axial Portion

Includes the head, neck, spinal column, and ribs

Central

A body part is situated at the center of the body or organ. Ex.) The central nervous system is ____located along the main axis of the body

Contralateral 

A body part that is on the opposite side of the body from another body part. Ex.) The right hand is____ to the left hand 

Deep

A body part is located farther from the surface than another. Ex.) The brain is ____ to the skull

Distal

A body part is further away from a specific point of origin or attachment, or farther from the trunk of the entire body. Ex.) If the point of attachment is the hip, it is correct to say the foot is ____ to the knee

Frontal Plane

Plane or section that divides a structure lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions; pertaining to the region of the forehead

Inferior

A body part is below another part, or toward the feet. Ex.) The navel is ____ to the chin

Ipsilateral 

A body part is on the same side of the body as another body part. Ex.) The right hand is ____ to the right foot

Lateral

A body part is farther away from the midline. Ex.) They eyes are ___ to the nose

Medial

A body part is nearer than another part to the imaginary midline

Peripheral

A body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ. Ex.) The ___ nervous system is located outside the central nervous system

Posterior

A body part is located towards the back. Ex.) the heart is ___ to the sternum

Proximal

A body part is closer to a specific point of origin or attachment, or closer to the trunk of the entire body. Ex.) if the point of attachment is the shoulder, it is correct to say the elbow is ___ to the hand

Sagittal Plane

Plane or section that divides a structure into right and left portions

Superficial

A body part is located closer to the surface than another. Ex.) the sternum is ___ to the heart

Superior

A body part is located above another part, or toward the head. Ex.) The face is ___ to the neck

Transverse Plane

Plane or section that divides a structure horizontally to give a cross section

Cardiovascular System

Consisting of the heart and the blood vessels that carry blood through the body

Digestive System

Consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, along with accessory organs

Endocrine System

Consisting of the hormonal glands, which secrete chemicals called hormones

Integumentary System

Pertaining to the skin and accessory organs

Lymphatic System

Vascular system that takes up excess tissue fluid and transports it to the bloodstream

Muscular System

Consisting of muscles that give the body support and the ability to move

Nervous System

Consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and associated nerves

Reproductive Systems

Consisting of sex organs that work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction

Respiratory System

Consisting of the lungs and the tubes that take air to and from the lungs

Skeletal System

Consisting of the bones of the skeleton and associated cartilage, as well as the ligaments that bind these structures early

Urinary System

Containing the kidneys and urinary bladder

Meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges around the brain and spinal cord usually caused by a bacterial infection

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium

Peritonitis

Generalized infection of the lining of the abdominal cavity

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleura

Serositis

Inflammation of the serous membrane