Lecture 1: Functional groups, lewis structures, formal charge

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20 Terms

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Formal Charge

# of valence electrons - bonds - dots

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alcohols

ROH, at the end of carbon chain

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Ethers

ROR, in the middle of carbon chain

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aldehydes

RCHO, at the end of carbon chain

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ketones

RCOR, in the middle of carbon change

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Carboxylic acids

RCOOH, at the end of carbon chain

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esters

RCOOR, in the middle of carbon chain

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amines

R3N

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1 carbon

methane

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2 carbons

ethane

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3 carbons

propane

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4 carbons

butane

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5 carbons

pentane

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6 carbons

hexane

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7 carbons

heptane

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8 carbons

octane

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9 carbons

nonane

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10 carbons

decane

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Figuring out lewis structure

1) Central atom (less electronegative except H)

2) Draw bonds around central atom

3) total # valence electrons

4) Distribute them around terminal atoms (except H)

5) Octet rule!

6) Formal charge to minimize charge and obey octet rule

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