Sociological Perspectives and Theories

These flashcards cover the key concepts and theories in sociology including sociological perspectives, influential theorists, and important definitions.

What is micro-sociology?

A subset of sociology focusing on small-scale interactions, such as face-to-face and small-group dynamics, to understand larger societal patterns.

What is macro-sociology?

A subfield of sociology that studies large-scale social structures and how they impact the lives of groups and individuals.

What did Auguste Comte contribute to sociology?

He developed positivism, which suggests that society operates under objective laws describable through the scientific method.

What is the principle of structural functionalism?

It is based on the assumption that society is a unified whole, functioning because of the contributions of its separate structures.

What is the difference between manifest and latent functions?

Manifest functions are the intended and obvious consequences of a social structure, while latent functions are unintended and less obvious.

What does the term 'anomie' refer to?

A state of normlessness, alienation, and loss of purpose due to weaker social bonds and increased social change.

Who is associated with conflict theory?

Karl Marx is primarily associated with conflict theory, which views social conflict as the basis of society and emphasizes social inequality.

What is class consciousness?

The recognition of social inequality by the oppressed, leading to revolutionary action against the ruling class's interests.

Define symbolic interactionism.

A paradigm that sees interaction and meaning as central to society, asserting that meanings are created through social interaction.

What is the sociological imagination?

The ability to connect personal experiences to larger societal issues, understanding their cyclical relationship.

What is the difference between personal troubles and public issues?

Personal troubles are individual problems affecting one's family or self, while public issues are structural problems affecting a wider group.

What does reflexivity involve in sociology?

The process of looking inward to examine one's own feelings, emotions, and identities in relation to sociological analysis.

How do structural functionalists view gender roles?

They see gender roles as functional for maintaining stability in society, developed to meet societal needs.

What do conflict theorists emphasize regarding gender?

They focus on the power dynamics and inequalities between genders, highlighting men's dominance over women.