Unit 4 APUSH Terms: Chapter 7 (F26)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

1) The purchase of a large tract of land from Napoleon and the French after their failure in Haiti.

2) This greatly expanded borders of U.S. with land that would become parts of 11 states.

3) Also gave the U.S. a claim over the Oregon territory after the journey by Lewis and Clark.

Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806)

1.) Thomas Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to investigate the resources the U.S. had acquired with the Louisiana Purchase.

2.) They crossed the Rockies and reached the Pacific Ocean by way of the Columbia River. They recorded the types of wildlife, plants, and number of Indian tribes. They mapped the region and promoted fur trading.

3.) The men relied on the help of a Shoshone Native American woman named Sacagawea, who served as an interpreter and valuable resource navigating the land.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

1) The Supreme Court decision that established the principle of judicial review.

2) Established the judicial branch as having the power to determine whether or not laws are unconstitutional.

3) This case was considered a landmark Supreme Court case, as now the court actually had power to determine whether laws violate the U.S. Constitution.

Embargo Act (1807)

1) This prohibited American merchant ships from sailing into foreign ports, which prohibited trade with other countries.

2) This was passed as a reaction to the impressment of American sailors by the British and as a way to preserve U.S. neutrality during the conflict between the British and the French.

3) The act decreased national unity and led to a severe decline in the American economy before its repeal.

Tecumseh (Early 1800s)

1) Shawnee warrior and chief who became the leader of a multi-tribal confederacy against the U.S.

2) While he was absent recruiting his brother, he lost the battle of Tippecanoe in the Indiana territory in 1811.

3) Sided with the British during the War of 1812 and was killed, ending the Native American alliance that existed among natives east of the Mississippi River.

Barbary Pirates (1801)

1) The name given to several renegade countries on the Mediterranean coast of North Africa who demanded money in exchange for refraining from attacking ships in the Mediterranean. From 1795-1801, the U.S. paid the Barbary states for protection against the pirates.

2) President Jefferson stopped paying the money, and the U.S. fought the Barbary Wars (1801-1805) against the countries of Tripoli and Algeria.

3) The war was unresolved, and the U.S. went back to paying the money.

War Hawks (1811-1812)

1) Democratic-Republican Congressmen who pressed James Madison to declare war on Britain.

2) Largely drawn from the South and West, the "war hawks" resented British constraints on American trade (impressment) and accused the British of supporting Indian attacks against American settlements on the frontier.

3) Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun

Hartford Convention (1814-1815)

1) Event at which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and their concern over the increase of federal power in the government.

2) Discussed removing 3/5 Compromise, criticized Louisiana Purchase and Embargo Act, and wanted to limit presidential terms.

3) Led to the collapse of the Federalist Party, especially after New England states considered seceding from the union.

Treaty of Ghent (1814)

1.) The official peace treaty that ended the War of 1812

2.) The treaty halted fighting and territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

3.) However, the treaty never addressed the original issues that began the conflict (i.e. impressment).