TEST 2 PREP

What is crypsis? How does it differ from camouflage? Give an example.

Crypsis is the ability of an animal to avoid detection by predators through various means, such as coloration and patterns. It differs from camouflage in that camouflage specifically refers to blending in with the environment, while crypsis encompasses a broader range of concealing strategies. An example is a stick insect resembling twigs.

What is Batesian mimicry? Under what conditions is it most effective?

Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species evolves to imitate the warning signals of a harmful or poisonous species to avoid predation. It is most effective when the model species is abundant, and predators have learned to avoid them.

What is sensory exploitation in animal communication? Provide an example.

Sensory exploitation is a theory suggesting that some signals or traits in animals exploit pre-existing sensory biases in their receivers. An example is the bright coloration of some frogs that may attract mates by appealing to a visual preference for bright colors.

Define illegitimate signaler. Provide an example.

An illegitimate signaler is an organism that emits signals (e.g., visual, auditory) to manipulate the behavior of others for their own benefit, often at the other's expense. An example is the brood parasitic cowbird, which lays its eggs in the nests of other birds.

What does the marginal value theorem predict about an animal leaving a food patch?

The marginal value theorem predicts that an animal should leave a food patch when the rate of food intake has declined to the average rate of food intake in the environment, optimizing foraging efficiency.